跨性別學生運動賽事參與：平等、歧視與考量準則

Abstract

隨著跨性別者於體育場域的融入議題逐漸被重視，跨性別者的參賽資格掀起各界激辯，許多國際及國外組織已制定相關規則，但台灣尚處於初步擬定和討論之階段。本文研究的動機係提供定參賽規範時應納入的考量因素並發展相關檢驗方式及思考流程，以協助學生相關的體育賽事制定出合宜的參賽制度，使跨性別學生得有更多機會參與體育競賽。參賽資格是一套分類標準，界定選手們的參賽組別，本文探討的正是台灣學生運動賽事中的分類標準，及制定分類方式時可參考之依據。本文蒐集跨性別者的文獻、其參與體育賽事的報導，透過文獻分析及論述分析的方式釐清跨性別學生參與體育競賽的困境及爭議，並整理分析他國組織制度、相關法院或仲裁裁判及國內外法律對於「實質平等」理論的操作方式，以明確描繪尋求該分類標準的途徑。結論上本文主張學生運動賽事不應於無確實根據的情形下假定跨性別者擁有身體優勢、排除跨性別者依照性別認同參賽時應具堅強理由，不盲從菁英賽事相關組織之規則、衡量賽事目的、目的與參賽資格間必須具實質關聯性，且排除他人參賽必須是最小侵害手段，最後本文提出建立參賽資格時的八大思考方向。

As the integration of transgenders into Sports events becomes increasingly important, people keep debating over transgender’s eligibility in sports competition. Many international organizations have come up with rules to deal with it, but Taiwan is still alien to it. The motivation of this study was to provide the perspectives and thinking processes that should be included when developing the appropriate regulations of student sports competitions. Eligibility is a set of classification criteria that distinguishes who can and cannot compete. This study discussed the classification standards in Taiwan's student sports events and the way to find that boundary. This study adapts the perspectives about "substantial equality" to do analysis. In conclusion, this study suggested that (1) transgender people having physical advantages should not be assumed without a solid basis, (2)excluding transgender people from competing in accordance with their gender identity should base on solid reasons, (3) not blindly follow the rules of elite competition-related organizations, (4)there must be a substantial correlation between the purpose and the measure, and (5) excluding others from participating must be the least invasive means. This article also proposed eight thinking steps when establishing eligibility so that “integration” may be truly carried out in school societies.