管理能力與組織成長之研究

Abstract

關於企業高階管理團隊所應展現的管理能力，相關研究業已進行數十餘載，各式理論架構所解析的精髓，如何運用於管理實務，對於企業管理者而言，難免因各家所言相去甚遠而無所適從。尤其，創造組織成長，高階管理者必須掌握環境所出現的機會，結合內外部相關資源方能達成。因此，高階管理團隊所展現的管理能力，與組織成長著實密不可分。 有鑑於此，本論文聚焦於探討組織管理能力如何展現，以及管理能力如何影響組織成長。首先，本研究藉由回顧相關理論，釐清企業組織所屬資源與能力的本質，探討管理能力的本質與成效；進而提出由三組面向剖析高階管理團隊的特質，分別為成員組合、協調分工與激勵因素，並討論這些面向的調整，將如何影響高階管理團隊所展現的管理能力與成效。再者，依據前述三組面向，本研究分別舉出相對應的三項特質，並闡述藉由改變此三項特質，如何有助於克服組織成長過程中，因缺乏管理能力而導致成長受限的問題，亦即所謂潘若斯效應（Penrose Effect）。最後，本研究探討企業以分拆（spin-off）作為組織成長策略時，外部環境的成長機會與企業內部資源的支持，如何影響分拆後新事業體的經營績效。 透過上述三篇研究，本論文期望對於管理能力的本質，以及管理能力如何影響組織成長提出新解；並解析潘若斯效應的消長，藉以啟迪後續實證研究，延伸至更多組織成長的相關議題。此外，本論文建議企業擬以分拆作為組織發展策略時，應同時參酌內部及外部因素，並採用涵蓋新舊事業體的整體經營績效作為評估依據。

The nature of managerial competence has been studied for decades. However, different frameworks of developing managerial competences make research propositions divergent and practitioners confused when applying these concepts in creating organizational growth. Furthermore, managerial competences and environmental opportunities interact to support firms to pursue continuous growth, which necessitates the importance of managerial competences in organizational growth. In light of the research needs, this dissertation proposes the fundamental outcomes of managerial competences and their impact on organizational growth. The first essay clarifies the nature of competence and resources. It recognizes the fundamental managerial outcomes and their relations to corporate growth and the principal dimensions of managerial teams. The next essay adopts the stated arguments to explore the relationship between managerial outcomes and the Penrose effect. The influence of collective managerial characteristics on organizational growth is then explicated. Finally, the last study focuses on spin-offs, a special mode of corporate divestiture and growth. The roles of external opportunities and internal supportive endowments in determining the spun-off firm’s performance are investigated. The first essay provides new insight about the nature of managerial competence and its outcomes, and the managerial factors that increase the fundamental managerial outcome. It also suggests a positive relationship between the fundamental outcomes and organizational growth. By manifesting the role of entrepreneurial visions, which are the crucial outcome of managerial competences for corporate growth, the second essay sheds light on the debate of the existence of the Penrose effect and indicates a novel direction of elaborating the random rate of organizational growth. The last essay suggests that the evaluation of spin-offs requires consideration of the overall performance including the spun-off firm and the divesting firm from the internal and external perspectives when the firm intends to undertake spin-off approaches for restructuring its business or pursuing organizational growth.