看見兒少——台灣棒球紀錄片研究

Abstract

棒球是台灣最具代表性的運動，向來也有國球的美譽。過往對棒球的相關研究，也多指出其象徵的民族主義意涵。本文以三部棒球紀錄片為研究對象，從紀錄片再現兒童、青少年球員成長與追求夢想的同時，進而介入對國家體制的反思與批判。 首先是《冠軍之後》，導演從三名卑南族少年對學制的選擇，分為兩條敘事路線，指出少年球員在升學與訓練之間的失衡情形，以及國家體制對球員身體的控制。其次是《揮棒》，導演從卑南族少年追逐職棒夢想的過程，指出原住民球員在培訓體制面對的族群文化與教育問題，以及身體的傷害。另外從球員為進入職棒樂於接受國手徵召的情形，也揭示國家體制與職棒制度的共構關係，合理化球員為國爭光的目的。最後是《野球孩子》，作為台灣首部以少棒生活為題材，進入院線的紀錄片，《野球孩子》將球場內外劃分為兩個空間，表現球員兒童／大人的形象，象徵兒童成長的過渡階段。導演為避免鏡頭對兒童世界的干預與詮釋，讓電影抽離棒球運動強調的冠軍思維，反思運動帶給兒童的成長意義與精神意涵。 透過棒球紀錄片由升學、族群與成長的面向，分析兒童及青少年運動參與的過程，提供一條反思台灣棒球文化的途徑。

Baseball is Taiwan’s most representative sport and has always enjoyed the reputation of national sport. Past research on baseball has shown the nationalist implications symbolized by it. This thesis focuses on how three baseball documentaries represent young baseball players as they grow up and chase their dreams. Through this, it interposes a reflection on and critique of the national institutions involved. The first documentary is After Championship, in which the director distinguishes two narratives based on the choices of education of three Puyuma tribe youths, to point out the imbalance between pursuing higher education and training, as well as to show the control national institutions have over the bodies of baseball players. The second is Swing, where the director draws attention to the problems of ethnic culture and education Indigenous baseball players face during training and their physical injuries, as three Puyuma youths chase their dream of playing professional baseball. The documentary also reveals, through the players’ willingness to be drafted for the national team in order to make their way into professional baseball, how the co-constitutive relationship of national institutions and the institution of professional baseball rationalizes the goal of players fighting for the nation’s honor. The final documentary is Baseball Boys, Taiwan’s first documentary centered on the lives of young baseball players that has had a theatrical release. Baseball Boys divides the inside and the outside of the baseball stadium into two spaces to show an image of baseball players as children/adults, symbolizing the transitional phase of children growing up. In order to avoid having the camera interfere with and interpret the children’s world, the directors distance themselves from the champion mindset emphasized by baseball, to ponder the significance of sports in children’s development and its psychological implications. By looking at the pursuit of higher education, ethnic groups and growing up portrayed in these documentaries, this thesis analyzes the participation of children and adolescents in sports, offering a way of thinking about Taiwan’s baseball culture.