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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/81897完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 席行正(Hsing-Cheng Hsi) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ying-Lin Wang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 王映琳 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-25T03:06:06Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-10-25 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-11-02 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-10-28 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/81897 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 由於臺灣地狹人稠，住家經常坐落於污染場址附近，而孩童因體重輕且有較高頻率的手口行為，故在室外活動過程中可透過接觸含重金屬的落塵與土壤而暴露到比成人更高的風險。同時孩童因有90.5%的時間都待在室內活動，因此室內落塵中重金屬的暴露風險亦須被評估。 考量到土壤與落塵攝食率為評估孩童誤食土壤與落塵途徑風險的重要參數，本論文第三章節使用美國環保署發展的SHEDS-soil/dust模式並彙整過去建立的臺灣孩童暴露參數之分布作為輸入參數，推估3歲以下孩童的攝食率。模擬結果顯示，在活動前、間接接觸土壤與直接接觸土壤三種情境下，砂土組中24到36個月孩童的土壤與落塵攝食率分別為2.02、11.0與90.7 mg/day；而黏土組中24到36個月孩童的土壤與落塵攝食率分別為2.26、4.76與29.8 mg/day。由SHEDS-soil/dust模式區分土壤與落塵對於非飲食性攝食率的貢獻度，由高到低依序為手到口的土壤攝食率、手到口的落塵攝食率與物體到口的落塵攝食率。此外，SHEDS-soil/dust模式敏感度分析結果顯示，土壤黏附因子為主要提高臺灣孩童土壤與落塵的攝食率的重要參數，而高洗手頻率則可降低孩童的攝食率。 為了更有效地評估人體真正可吸收的重金屬含量，第四章節使用簡化生物可及性萃取法分析天然和人為污染農地土壤中鉻、鎳的食入生物可及性比例，並探討土壤性質及重金屬相態對其影響，同時評估在考量食入生物可及性比例下，孩童因誤食含高鉻、鎳土壤造成之健康風險。結果顯示，蛇紋石土壤中鉻與鎳食入生物可及性分別為10.9 ± 10.6%與7.61 ± 5.31%；電鍍廢水污染農地土壤中鉻與鎳分別為15.2 ± 11.1%與27.7 ± 9.79%，表示人為污染源較天然來源更易造成較高的食入生物可及性。相關性結果顯示，兩種來源土壤中鉻的食入生物可及性皆與總有機碳呈顯著正相關；但鎳的食入生物可及性僅在電鍍廢水污染農地土壤中觀察到此現象。此外，無論是在蛇紋石或電鍍廢水污染農地土壤中，鎳的相態都會顯著影響其食入生物可及性。風險評估結果則顯示，當考量食入生物可及性後，3歲以下孩童經由誤食土壤中高濃度鉻或鎳的健康風險皆有所下降。 評估人體健康風險時，除了食入途徑外，亦可由吸入途徑暴露到土壤中重金屬，因此第五章節中以人為汞污染土壤為例，分析使用不同體外試驗方法下食入與吸入生物可及性比例之差異，並用以評估居住在汞污染場址附近孩童及成人經食入與吸入途徑暴露到土壤汞之非致癌風險。而由於呼吸速率為影響吸入途徑暴露風險的重要暴露參數，且臺灣尚缺乏本土參數值，故此參數會透過較新穎的可攜式氣體交換分析儀(COSMED K5)，實際量測以獲得20-40歲成人之呼吸速率。由不同的體外試驗萃取方法結果顯示，汞的食入與吸入生物可及性會受到萃取液化學成分與pH值的影響。在所有污染場址中，受汞污泥非法掩埋污染之S7場址具有最高的總汞濃度(1346 mg/kg)、食入(26.2%)與吸入(30.5%)生物可及性及最高的水可溶相態(28.7%)，主要為S7場址中汞在土壤中的老化程度較低所導致。由COSMED K5實測20-40歲成人受試者之平均呼吸速率為12.3 ± 1.25 m3/day，組內相關係數分析結果(0.606–0.949)顯示，使用COSMED K5量測呼吸速率與其他代謝參數具一定可靠性。而儘管在本研究中汞之吸入暴露風險受呼吸速率影響不大，所建立之本土化呼吸速率值未來仍可被應用於其他暴露情境的風險評估，例如評估特定族群暴露於揮發性有機物或多重污染物環境下之吸入風險。本研究所提供之方法與結果，可作為相關單位擬定污染場址管制策略時評估健康風險所需的參考依據。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-25T03:06:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-2510202109215300.pdf: 6818011 bytes, checksum: f78f1d5f202d41593f31d1eb3a408458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | "口試委員審定書 i 誌謝 ii 中文摘要 iii Abstract v List of contents viii List of figures xiv List of tables xvii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 6 Chapter 2 Literature review 7 2.1 The sources and health effects of heavy metals 7 2.1.1 Sources 8 2.1.2 Health effect 9 2.2 Children exposure risk 10 2.3 The mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals 11 2.4 Sequential extraction procedure 12 2.5 Oral bioavailability and bioaccessibility 16 2.6 Inhalation bioavailability and bioaccessibility 21 2.7 Estimation of soil and dust ingestion rate 23 2.8 Estimation of inhalation rate 26 2.9 Health risk assessment 30 2.9.1 Hazard identification 30 2.9.2 Dose-response assessment 32 2.9.3 Exposure assessment 34 2.9.4 Risk characterization 35 2.9.5 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis 35 Chapter 3 Health risk assessment of heavy metals exposure for Taiwanese children by estimation of soil and dust ingestion rates through the SHEDS-S/D model 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Materials and methods 39 3.2.1 Sampling and pretreatment 39 3.2.1.1 Soil sampling 39 3.2.1.2 Street dust sampling 39 3.2.1.3 Household dust sampling 40 3.2.2 Metal extraction of soil, street dust, and household dust 40 3.2.3 SHEDS-S/D model methodology 42 3.2.3.1 Input determination 45 3.2.3.2 Definitions of exposure scenarios 47 3.2.3.3 Sensitivity analysis in the SHEDS-S/D model 47 3.2.4 Health risk assessment model 48 3.2.5 Data processing and statistical analysis 50 3.3 Results and discussion 50 3.3.1 Factors affecting estimates of soil and dust ingestion rates using the SHEDS-S/D model 50 3.3.2 Comparison of contributions between soil and dust in the SHEDS-S/D model 55 3.3.3 Sensitivity analysis in the SHEDS-S/D model 58 3.3.4 Soil texture and metal concentrations in household dust, street dust, and soil 61 3.3.5 Health risk assessment 64 3.3.5.1 Non-carcinogenic risk assessment 64 3.3.5.2 Carcinogenic risk assessment 64 3.4 Summary 69 Chapter 4 Oral bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of Cr and Ni in serpentine and anthropogenically contaminated non-serpentine soils 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Materials and methods 74 4.2.1 Site description 74 4.2.2 Sample pretreatment 76 4.2.3 Soil characterization 76 4.2.4 Sequential extraction procedure 76 4.2.5 In-vitro oral bioaccessibility procedure 78 4.2.6 Quality assurance and quality control 78 4.2.7 Statistical analysis 79 4.2.8 Health risk assessment model 79 4.3 Results and discussion 80 4.3.1 Distributions of soil properties and total concentrations of Cr and Ni 80 4.3.2 Fractionations of Cr and Ni in soils 83 4.3.3 The oral bioaccessibility of Cr and Ni in soils 85 4.3.4 Using soil properties, total concentrations, and fractionations to estimate the oral bioaccessibility of Cr and Ni in serpentine and anthropogenically contaminated non-serpentine soils 91 4.3.5 Health risk assessment 93 4.4 Summary 98 Chapter 5 Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility-based risk assessment of Hg in anthropogenic contaminated soils by measurement of inhalation rate using the COSMED K5 99 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 Materials and methods 103 5.2.1 Collection and pretreatment of soil samples 103 5.2.2 Soil analysis 105 5.2.2.1 Soil properties 105 5.2.2.2 Total Hg concentration in soil samples 105 5.2.2.3 Oral bioaccessibility of Hg in soil samples 106 5.2.2.4 Inhalation bioaccessibility of Hg in soil samples 107 5.2.2.5 Hg fractionation in soil samples 108 5.2.2.6 Quality assurance and quality control in soil samples 109 5.2.3 Inhalation rate measurement 110 5.2.3.1 Participants recruitment 110 5.2.3.2 Anthropometric measurement 111 5.2.3.3 Inhalation rate and other metabolic variables estimation 111 5.2.3.4 Quality control 113 5.2.3.5 Inhalation rate estimated by metabolic energy conversion method 114 5.2.3.6 Data and statistical analyses 114 5.2.4 Health risk assessment model 115 5.3 Results and discussion 116 5.3.1 Physicochemical properties of soils 116 5.3.2 Oral bioaccessibility of Hg 119 5.3.3 Inhalation bioaccessibility of Hg 123 5.3.4 The fractionation of Hg 127 5.3.5 Inhalation rate estimation 129 5.3.5.1 Demographic characteristics, body composition and pulmonary function of the participants 129 5.3.5.2 Inhalation rate and other metabolic variables at sedentary activities 132 5.3.5.3 Using body composition, pulmonary function, and metabolic variables to estimate the inhalation rate 136 5.3.5.4 Comparison of inhalation rate measured by COSMED K5 and estimated by other methods 140 5.3.6 Health risk assessment 142 5.4 Summary 148 Chapter 6 Conclusion and suggestion 150 6.1 Conclusion 150 6.2 Suggestion 151 References 153 Appendix 177 Appendix 1. Parameters of risk assessment for children who are exposed to metals in soil and dust 178 Appendix 2. Parameters of risk assessment for children under 3 years old who are exposed to high level of Cr and Ni in serpentine and non-serpentine soils 185 Appendix 3. Parameters of risk assessment for children and adults who are exposed to Hg-polluted soil 186 Original publication of this dissertation 188 " | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 生物可及性 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 土壤 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 健康風險評估 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 重金屬 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | SHEDS-soil/dust模式 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 土壤與落塵攝食率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 呼吸速率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | heavy metal | en |
| dc.subject | bioaccessibility | en |
| dc.subject | inhalation rate | en |
| dc.subject | soil and dust ingestion rate | en |
| dc.subject | SHEDS-S/D model | en |
| dc.subject | health risk assessment | en |
| dc.subject | soil | en |
| dc.title | 污染場址附近孩童與成人暴露受重金屬污染土壤與落塵之健康風險評估 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and dust for children and adults near contaminated sites | en |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 109-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.advisor-orcid | 席行正(0000-0001-5558-2077) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張添晉(Hsin-Tsai Liu),闕蓓德(Chih-Yang Tseng),許正一,簡伶朱 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 土壤,重金屬,SHEDS-soil/dust模式,土壤與落塵攝食率,呼吸速率,生物可及性,健康風險評估, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | soil,heavy metal,SHEDS-S/D model,soil and dust ingestion rate,inhalation rate,bioaccessibility,health risk assessment, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 190 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202104113 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-10-29 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2026-10-25 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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