生煤使用許可證制度探討

Abstract

邇來，空氣污染問題日益嚴重，改善空氣品質遂成為各地方政府重要施政目標。電力業、工業鍋爐使用生煤燃料，其所排放之細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)、硫氧化物(SOx)、氮氧化物(NOx)等空氣污染物，為空氣品質不良主因之一。《空氣污染防制法》設有生煤使用許可證制度，以管制生煤使用；近年來，地方政府亦制定生煤相關自治條例，加嚴生煤使用之管控。然而，部分地方自治條例之管制標準過嚴，造成實質禁用效果，故遭行政院以牴觸上位法律等原因而宣告無效，進而衍生中央、地方就空氣污染防制事項權限紛爭。 空氣污染防制法於民國107年修法時，改由中央統一制定全國之削減標準，本次修法是否根本性解決中央、地方權限分配問題？環保署制定之空氣污染防制方案與地方政府之空氣污染防制計畫，均涉及生煤用量削減目標之設定，制定計畫之程序規定是否有所缺陷？生煤使用許可證上載有生煤核可用量與削減期程等附款，其內容範圍是否有所限制？本文嘗試探討現行生煤使用許可制度相關問題，並以台塑雲林麥寮汽電共生廠、台電臺中火力發電廠等實際爭議案例為例，嘗試提出解答與未來修法建議。

Recently, air pollution problem has become more and more severe. Imporving air quality has become one of the important goals for the local governments. Electricity power plants and industrial boilers which used bituminous coal as fuel have emit pollutants such as PM2.5, sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) , which are the main causes of the air pollution. In order to control the usage of bituminous coal, there is the permit system formulate in air pollution control act. The local governments also formulate autonomous regulations. However, some of the regulations are too strict, which actual forbidden the usage of the coal, were declared invalid by the Executive Yuan due to the infringing of the law. This has led the disputes between the central and local governments about the authority of air pollution control affair. The air pollution control act has amended in 2018. The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) has take the authority to formulate the uniform national reduction standards. Does this amendment fundamentally solve the air pollution control affair authority problem between the central and local governments? The air pollution prevention plan formulated by the EPA and by the local government's department of environmental protection(DEP), both involve setting the reduction target for the amount of coal usage. Are there any flaws in the procedural for formulating the plan? The permit of bituminous coal usage contains statements such as the available usage amount of the bituminous coal and the time schedule of the usage amount reduction. Are there any restrictions for the content of these statements? This thesis attempts to discuss the issues related to the permit of bituminous coal usage system, and discuss the related dispute cases such as the Formosa Plastics Company cogeneration power plant in Mailiao, Yunlin. And the Taipower company coal power plant in Taichung. Aims to provide answers and suggestions for future law amendments.