兒時受性侵害男性倖存者之揭露及求助歷程

Abstract

兒少性侵害是個嚴重的議題，且確實存在「男性受害者」，但現有的正式服務、研究仍多以女性受害者為主，男性性侵害受害者在這個社會文化氛圍下是較被忽視的。有鑑於此，本研究目的便是想探知在台灣的兒時受性侵害男性倖存者之受害樣貌及歷程、受害經驗對他們的影響，以及他們的揭露及求助歷程。 本研究採用質性研究中的深度訪談法，以立意採樣及半結構式訪談進行資料的蒐集，並透過網路招募受訪者，最後一共訪談了13位兒時受性侵害之男性倖存者。此外，因受訪者屬於易受傷害族群，為了保障受訪者之權益，亦通過臺大研究倫理中心之倫理審查。 透過主題分析法，發現大部分的受訪者歷經了性誘騙之歷程，並可分為家外性誘騙歷程及家內性誘騙歷程兩種。而在受到性侵害後，也出現了身、心、社會層面的影響。另外在他們身上也可看到許多性侵害造成的創傷性化經驗。而在揭露歷程的部分，可以發現他們皆延遲至成人時期才揭露，而過去面對到的抑制揭露因素包含（一）個人情緒、心理因素；（二）人際關係因素；（三）社會、文化因素。而在求助上，雖有四位曾接觸過正式管道，但他們都是因為其他問題才接觸到求助管道的，並沒有人是因為自身性侵害受害經驗而求助的，因此，也探問到他們不求助之因素，包含不覺得需要求助及未在當時求助等。 最後結論為，男性性侵害倖存者不管是在受害後反應、揭露或求助歷程上，皆深受男子氣概的影響，不只讓他們害怕被視為受害者，也造成揭露及求助之障礙。因此在實務上建議「性平教育」能更落實，此外也能更重視「倖存者服務」及「男性受害者服務」之建置及推廣，以減少男性倖存者在揭露及求助上之障礙。

Child sexual abuse is a serious issue, and there are indeed “male victims”. However, most of the existing formal services and research are mainly focusing on female victims. Less attention had been paid to the male victims of childhood sexual abuse under this social atmosphere. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to understand the experience, history, impact of victimization of male survivors in Taiwan, as well as their disclosure and help-seeking process. This study is a qualitative research used in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews to collect data. Intentional sampling of 13 male sexual abuse survivors were recruited from the Internet and were interviewed individually. In addition, in order to protect the right of this vulnerable cohort of participants, this study has IRB approved by Research Ethics Office of National Taiwan University. Through the thematic analysis, the study found that firstly, most of the participants have experienced the process of sexual grooming which can be divided into two types: extra-familial or intra-familial. Secondly, they appeared to have physical, mental, and social influence after being sexually abused. Also, many traumatic sexualization experiences can found on them. In the disclosure process, they did not disclose until the adult period and they have encountered several obstacles including (1) psychological factors; (2) interpersonal relations; (3) sociocultural factors. In help-seeking process, although four participants have contacted with formal services, none of them asked for help because of their experience of sexual abuse but due to other issues. Thus, the challenges of help-seeking are having no need for help and no intention for help at the time. In conclusion, male sexual abuse survivors are highly influenced by masculinity in the process of victimization, disclosure and help-seeking. They feared to be regarded as victims, causing obstacles to disclosure and help-seeking. Therefore, the study indicated that 'gender equity education' should be implemented more in national education. Moreover, services towards survivors and male victims should be taken seriously both on provision and advocacy in order to reduce barriers of disclosure and help-seeking of male survivors.