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標題: | 電容去離子技術之生命週期評估 Life Cycle Assessment of Capacitive Deionization Technology |
作者: | Ting-Hua Yu 游廷華 |
指導教授: | 侯嘉洪 |
關鍵字: | 生命週期評估,環境績效,電容去離子技術,半鹽水,活性碳電極, Life cycle assessment,environmental performance,capacitive deionization,brackish water,activated carbon electrode, |
出版年 : | 2016 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 提供潔淨與穩定水資源逐漸成為全球面臨的挑戰之一。近年來,水淡化技術可作為一項減緩緩水壓力之持續性替代方案,然而,目前已被證實脫鹽技術中大部分之環境衝擊皆來自操作程序中之能源消耗。電容去離子技術(Capacitive deionization, CDI)因具有低耗能及環境友善性等優勢,故被視為一項具發展潛力之水淡化技術。本研究主要係運用生命週期評估方法(Life cycle assessment, LCA),以實驗室規模之CDI系統作為評估對象,並於處理半鹽水條件下進行其資源需求及對應之環境衝擊影響探討。以本研究團隊所發展之實驗室規模CDI系統進行經驗性的實驗測量,進一步應用於生命週期評估中之盤查分析。此外,使用SimaPro 8為評估工具,並選用環境衝擊(CML 2)與累積能源需求(CED)兩種指標進行量化分析。
經實驗結果可獲得CDI於脫鹽程序中之直接電力消耗約為1.44 MJ (0.4 kWh),而由CED量化指標顯示,當每立方公尺淨水產生時,CDI系統之總能源需求約為23.9 MJ。經CML2衝擊評估結果顯示,CDI相較於傳統脫鹽技術而言,具相對低之電力使用量,故進一步減少了全球暖化潛勢(Global Warming Potential, GMP100)類別所衍生之衝擊影響,約為1.43公斤之二氧化碳當量。此外,物質與化學品使用亦被指出係造成CDI環境衝擊負荷之主要來源(並非傳統所認為之電力使用),尤其是作為溶劑的二甲基乙醯胺與電流收集器的鈦板。化學品使用所衍生的副產物對於臭氧耗盡(Ozone Depletion)與酸化潛力(Acidification potential)兩個類別造成了不良之衝擊衝擊。因此,建議未來相關之CDI設計研究可朝向以其他環保物質取代或減少此兩種物質含量,以降低環境衝擊並提升其系統之環境績效。 Clean and stable water supply is one of the pressing global challenges. Desalination serves as a sustainable alternative to mitigate the water stress. However, it high electricity consumption during operation phase usually result in major environmental impacts. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is regarded as a promising desalination technology due to its unique properties of low-energy and environmental-friendliness. This study aims at evaluating the resource demands as well as their associated environmental impacts of a laboratory scale CDI system using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Empirical measurements from a laboratory-scale CDI system developed by our research group are used for the inventory analysis in LCA. SimaPro 8 software was applied to assess the life cycle environmental impacts (CML 2) and cumulative energy demand (CED) of the CDI system in this study. The electricity consumption for CDI operation was measured at 1.44 MJ (0.4 kWh), whereas its total cumulative energy demand was estimated about 23.9 MJ for producing 1 m3 of desalinated water. Results from the impact assessment of CDI revealed a lower global warming potential (GMP100) at 1.43 kg CO2 eq, which was mainly attributed to the major reduction in electricity consumption, as compared to conventional energy-intensive desalination technologies. Moreover, the utilization of material and chemical were shown to be significant contributors to overall environmental impacts in the CDI system (rather than electricity consumption), particularly for the usage of N,N-dimethylacetamide (solvent) and titanium (material for current collector). Use of chemicals might release derivatives that generated adverse impacts in ozone depletion and acidification potentials. This suggests that future studies in CDI design may move forward to substitute or reduce the two to improve the overall environmental performances of the system. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/7924 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201601530 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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