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標題: | 以三明治鍍膜製作高效率甲基銨錪化鉛鈣鈦礦太陽能電池暨時間對該元件效率的影響 FABRICATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY CH3NH3PbI3 PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS BY SANDWICH DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE AND THE IMPACT OF TIME ON EFFICIENCY VARIATION |
作者: | Avula Teja 德 安 |
指導教授: | 林清富(Ching-Fuh Lin) |
關鍵字: | perovskite solar cell,thermal annealing,environment deposition control (EDC),sandwich deposition technique (SDT) process,double inter diffusion,morphology control,solvent annealing,atmosphere process,PEDOT: PSS, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | Due to the development of technology and gradual depletion of fossil fuels, the energy issue has received wide attention in this century. The world is giving every effort to develop alternative energy. Solar energy is with inexhaustible source and also environment-friendly that it will not produce greenhouse gases. For these reason, the development of solar cells has become one of the best plan to solve the oncoming shortage of energy. Among many types of solar cells, perovskite solar cells suddenly appear on the horizon and the conversion efficiency has been improved from 3% to 21% in just few years. This makes many teams who originally study in polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells start doing research about perovskite. They apply their former techniques of polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells to perovskite solar cells and also get good results. In addition to high efficiency, perovskite solar cells have other advantages such as large area solar cells potential, possible to fabricate on flexible substrates, lightweight and with multiple applications.
In this research, we developed a new method and a homemade chamber called Sandwich Deposition Technique (SDT). By taking the advantages of double interdiffusion equipped by the PbI2-CH3NH3I-PbI2 structure, the extremely thin seed perovskite layer formed by the PbI2 and CH3NH3I accurately controlled the diffusion of CH3NH3I. In addition, to achieve better crystal quality of perovskite, the heating temperature of CH3NH3I powder was tuned in 3-to-1 process to make the formation of perovskite continuously and completely. we have demonstrated the characteristics of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite with thermal annealing at 100℃ for time ranging from 20 to 50 min. The preparation of perovskite films by SDT process is feasible and has certain production advantages. By this method, the diffusion distance and reaction result of MAI particles were effectively controlled, and the perovskite films with larger crystal size and a large reduction in carrier recombination were obtained. The optimum device exhibits outstanding performance, with Jsc=22.88mA/cm2, Voc=0.87V, FF= 74.24 and PCE= 14.93% respectively. But the stability of these devices was very poor. So we modified the SDT process into the Environment Deposition Control (EDC) method to fabricate the perovskite layer. In the literature, we can know that there are many techniques can make the better film of active layer of organic optical devices. They use the casting with the IPA, DMSO on the substrates to slow down the reaction to form a better film. Here, we try to apply the mechanism in the SDT process. Therefore, we put the glass vails with ether solvent inside the chamber directly and we can achieve 14.18%. Even though the PCE is less than our previous results, but it showed tremendous stability even after 7 days. The reason for the less PCE was the 30min formation time was not sufficient to fabricate the perovskite layer, and also the ether solvent turned into vapor very fast. So, we decided to increase the SDT time from 30min to 80min and replace the ether solvent with the CB solvent. The boiling point of CB is very high compared to the ether solvent. The reason for placing the chlorobenzene (CB) solvent in the chamber is CB helps to get large perovskite uniform morphology, so that would be easy for PCBM (ETL) to spread on it and it also helps to maintain the stability of the devices even after some days. The device exhibited good performance, with Jsc = 18.36 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.92V, FF = 75.8% and PCE = 12.81% when it had just been finished for the fabrication. After several days by placing the device in vacuum chamber, the value of PCE and FF increased sharply. The best PCE value was 16.06%, and the best FF value was 83.14%. For a low temperature process under whole atmosphere, this is a breakthrough of the perovskite solar cells and mass production. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/78974 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201802536 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 光電工程學研究所 |
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