以矽膠手環進行人造麝香暴露的採樣

Abstract

人造麝香（Synthetic musk）是人類合成的芳香分子，屬於半揮發性的親脂性芳香物質。人造麝香近年來被廣泛的運用於在各式個人產品（Personal Personal care product）中以增添香味。對於健康，麝香目前已經被研究發現有ㄧ些健康顧慮，硝基麝香被證實與光過敏反應及神經毒性有關，而不論在體內或外實驗，部分麝香被認定與泌干擾物有關。此外，人造麝香還具有生物累積效應。由於普遍使用，人造麝香在灰塵、空氣、水、野生動物以及人體組織中都可以找到。其具有三種可能的暴露途徑：吸入、皮膚接觸和攝入。其中，吸入和皮膚接觸被認為是主要的暴露途徑，但目前仍無方法可以同時偵測這兩種途徑的暴露。 矽膠手環可以吸收多種化學物質，例如揮發性有機物（例如苯，甲苯，乙苯和二甲苯）以及帶有親水性官能基的物質（例如羥基，酮或羧基）。由於矽膠手環具備重量輕，易於佩戴且價格低廉，文獻指出矽膠手環可用作檢測多環芳烴，殺蟲劑和阻燃劑的個人採樣工具。然而研究結果以每個手環所帶質量呈現，因此無法獲得定量數據並建立矽膠手環的結果與環境濃度之間的關係。 本研究測試了兩種萃取方法：以水或乙酸乙酯進行萃取。由測試結果決定萃取為兩輪乙酸乙酯萃取，每輪使用超聲波震盪15分鐘。每輪使用60毫升。 在手環構造的設計部分，兩個矽膠手環分別代表空氣和皮膚上的濃度。小米手環因具有一定厚度的孔徑，產生擴散徑長。2μm PTFE膜用於阻擋風，減少風速對於採樣率的影響。為了更好的了解矽膠手環作為個人採樣器的特性，本研究使用零級氣體產生器和暴露系統進行已知濃度麝香的暴露。HHCB和AHTN的採樣率分別為110.44 mL/min和84.369 mL/min。矽膠手環樣本穩定性的測試結果顯示，放置1~14天並沒有明顯的區別。因此決定採樣時間為14天，並且不用擔心樣本穩定性的問題。 此外，HHCB和AHTN的檢測線性範圍分別為1 ng/mL至1μg/mL，HHCB和AHTN的方法偵測極限（MDL）為0.9和0.7 ng/mL。

Synthetic musks are semi-volatile and lipophilic aromatic substances that give pleasant scents and/or cover odd odors. They can be divided into three categories: nitro musk, polycyclic musk, and macrocyclic musk. Musks are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) nowadays. For health concerns, studies have found synthetic musks may be the endocrine disruptors, cause photo-allergic symptoms, neurotoxicity or carcinogenicity. In addition, it also has bioaccumulation effect. Since the prevalent use of synthetic musks, they can be found in the environment including dust, air, water, wildlife, as well as human tissues. There are three possible exposure routes of synthetic musk: inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion. Among them, inhalation and dermal contact were suggested to be the main pathways; however, there are no methods currently available to monitor the exposures form both routes simultaneously. Silicone wristband may be a sampler that can capture synthetic musks through both inhalation and dermal routes. Silicone is stable at high temperatures. In field applications, silicone is known to adsorb a wide range of chemicals, such as volatile compounds as well as hydrophilic contaminants. Due to the light weight, easy to wear and inexpensive, various studies have demonstrated that silicone wristbands can be used. Most of the studies reported elsewhere yield the result in form of mass per wristband, since it is not easy to obtain quantitative data and establish the connections between the findings from silicone wristbands and environmental concentration. Two extraction method were tested: extract with water or with ethyl-acetate. This study decided the extraction to be two rounds ethyl-acetate extraction with 15 min sonication for each round. Each round uses 60 mL for one silicone wristband. The design of two silicone wristbands, which can capture musk represent concentration in the air and on the skin respectively. Xiaomi band with a hole with a certain thickness, creates diffusion path length. A 2 μm PTFE membrane on the top is used to block wind. With the standard gas generation and exposure system, sampling rate of HHCB and AHTN which are 110.44 mL/min and 84.369 mL/min respectively. With the result of samples placed under different time before further extraction and analysis showed stable. Sampling duration was then determined to be 14 days and do not have the concern of sample stability. In addition, the linear range of the detection for HHCB and AHTN were from 1 ng /mL to 1 μg/mL, and the method detection limit (MDL) for HHCB and AHTN was 0.9 and 0.7 ng/mL which indicated the possibility of application of this method for sampling synthetics musks under environmental concentration levels.