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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 陳志傑(Chih-Chieh Chen) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hong-Yang Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳宏洋 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-11T14:53:45Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-14 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2020-09-10 | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2020-07-17 | |
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Meththananda, I.M., Parker, S., Patel, M.P. and Braden, M. (2009). The Relationship between Shore Hardness of Elastomeric Dental Materials and Young's Modulus. Dental materials 25: 956-959. Modabber, A., Peters, F., Kniha, K., Goloborodko, E., Ghassemi, A., Lethaus, B., Hölzle, F. and Möhlhenrich, S.C. (2016). Evaluation of the Accuracy of a Mobile and a Stationary System for Three-Dimensional Facial Scanning. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 44: 1719-1724. Morrison, R.J., Van Koevering, K.K., Nasser, H.B., Kashlan, K.N., Kline, S.K., Jensen, D.R., Edwards, S.P., Hassan, F., Schotland, H.M. and Chervin, R.D. Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meetings. April, 2015, p. 26. Oestenstad, R.K., Dillion, H.K. and PERKINS, L.L. (1990). Distribution of Faceseal Leak Sites on a Half-Mask Respirator and Their Association with Facial Dimensions. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 51: 285-290. Wang, J., Goyanes, A., Gaisford, S. and Basit, A.W. (2016). Stereolithographic (SLA) 3d Printing of Oral Modified-Release Dosage Forms. International journal of pharmaceutics 503: 207-212. Wu, Y.Y., Acharya, D., Xu, C., Cheng, B., Rana, S. and Shimada, K. (2018). Custom-Fit 3d-Printed Bipap Mask to Improve Compliance in Patients Requiring Long-Term Noninvasive Ventilatory Support. Zhou, T. and Zhu, J. (2018). Identification of a Suitable 3d Printing Material for Mimicking Brittle and Hard Rocks and Its Brittleness Enhancements. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 51: 765-777. Zhuang, Z. and Bradtmiller, B. (2005). Head-and-Face Anthropometric Survey of Us Respirator Users. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene 2: 567-576. 郭韋志 (2014). 定性密合度測試微粒粒徑分布需求, 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所, 國立臺灣大學, 台北市, p. 54. 曾昱霖 (2019). 定量密合度微粒測試法研究, 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所, 國立臺灣大學, 台北市, p. 89. 楊凱傑 (2017). 環境微粒法定量密合度測試方法改進, 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所, 國立臺灣大學, 台北市, p. 46. 盧靖安 (2019). 新世代呼吸防護具的研發, 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所, 國立臺灣大學, 台北市, p. 89. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/78375 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 第一篇 先前已有研究探討客製化呼吸防護具能提供配戴者較緊密無洩漏與均勻分布的臉部接觸壓力,所以能夠有效提高在配戴時的防護效果與舒適程度。然而在如此緊密配戴的情況下,如何準確定量其超高密合係數的值是前人研究尚未探討的部分。因此本部分研究旨在建立一套高密合度量測系統,並先使用毛細管模擬洩漏的方式來進行實驗與模擬相關的系統建置參數。 毛細管洩漏流量量測實驗使用一正壓供氣系統來探討壓力與毛細管洩漏流量與尺寸間之關係,此外並結合理論推估(Hagen-Poiseuille's equation)與正弦函數模擬在循環呼吸模式下的狀態。毛細管之微粒傳輸效率(穿透率)利用微粒受吸入效率、重力沉降與擴散作用等作用機制之理論進行推導。其結果將應用於高密合度量測系統之建立。由毛細管洩漏實驗的結果可以確認洩漏流量的多寡與毛細管之大小、長度與壓降大小皆有相關性,且符合Hagen-Poiseuille's equation 的理論推估。此外使用循 環呼吸與定量呼吸模式在吸氣階段都會產生出穩定的密合係數值,其前後者的比值在相同壓降與平均呼吸流量下為/2倍,因為會受到循環呼吸模式下之尖峰與平均流量之關係影響。毛細管微粒之穿透率在高密合度狀態下之最易穿透粒徑約在100 至400 奈米之間,而若是微粒在毛細管中的停留時間過長,則可能會造成低估微粒濃度、高估密合度值的狀態發生。 本研究之高密合度量測系統由微粒產生、待測假人頭、乾淨空氣輸送以及微粒濃度量測等四區組成。實驗之待測微粒分別可由數量中位數粒徑60 及200 奈米之NaCl 與DEHS 所組成,濃度約在10^5~10^6 #/cm3 之間。假人頭以3D 掃描及列印技術對真人受試者進行建模後製作,再以矽膠翻模配置硬度9A 之臉皮模擬真人皮膚,並接上抽氣裝置模擬吸氣情形。在乾淨空氣輸送方面使用串聯之HEPA 濾材為口罩提供乾淨氣流,阻絕微粒可能由濾材進入面體內之可能性。微粒濃度的量測使用定量密合度測試儀(PortaCount)或是微粒凝結計數器(CPC)對微粒進行定量。系統反應時間約在5.7 分鐘,可量測到之最高密合度值約在2.2 × 10^7。 第二篇 使用傳統的呼吸防護具會遇到無法挑選到合適尺寸的口罩、使用時需要過大的繫帶張力來維持密合效果等常見問題,影響口罩配戴時的舒適度與工作效率。對此若使用客製化的呼吸防護具,則能夠依照人臉特徵製作出最合適的面體,減少選用上的成本與提高配戴品質。然而在緊密配戴的情況下,如何準確定量其超高的密合係數是先前研究尚未探討的部分。因此本部分研究旨在建立一套客製化口罩的製作方法,並應用高密合度量測系統評估客製化面體的密合係數,探討在不同方式下所造成之結果差異。 實驗使用 3D 掃描技術蒐集目標對象的臉部參數,其3D 圖檔透過電腦輔助繪圖建構出客製化面體的主結構,其後透過3D 列印的技術製作出防護具本體與矽膠翻模的模具,最後製成之防護具以高密合度量測系統進行密合度評估。高密合度量測系統主要用來提高口罩內外微粒濃度的比值,達到量測更高密合度的目的,故在系統內產生數量中位數粒徑60 或200 奈米之NaCl、DEHS 微粒,濃度約在105~106 #/cm3 之間,而在口罩濾材的連接部分通以使用串聯的HEPA 過濾後的乾淨氣流,減低由濾材穿透入面罩內的微粒。微粒濃度的量測使用定量密合度測試儀(PortaCount)或是微粒凝結計數器(CPC)對濃度進行定量。系統反應時間約在5.7 分鐘,可量測到之最高密合度值約在107。 結果顯示客製化面體雖然理應非常貼合人臉,但是在實際使用時仍會存在著洩漏情形,該可能與3D 掃描儀與3D 列印機的公差、口罩重量的支撐以及人臉特徵細微改變等因素有關。在密合度的方面,客製化口罩可以用更低的繫帶張力達到與市售口罩相同的密合程度,擁有更好的效果與舒適度。另外市售口罩在假人與真人上的密合度值有很大的不同,但使用客製化口罩時則較不明顯,其原因為更軟的臉部皮膚能夠阻擋住更多的洩漏,而客製化面體本身之洩漏區小,故影響較小。而最後發現使用高密合度量測系統確實可以提高密合度值的量測上限,但是仍存在高估密合度的問題,因此建議使用氣流量測的方式能量測到更真實的密合度值。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | First part Previous studies have discussed that customized respiratory protective equipment may reduce the leak and have evenly distributed facial contact pressure, so it can effectively improve the protective effect and comfort level when wearing. However, in such a tight-fitting condition, how to quantify the value of its high fit factor accurately is still a gap seldom mentioned. Therefore, this part of the study aimed to develop a high-fit-factor measurement system (HFFMS), and use the capillary to test and simulate the leak flow condition of HFFMS in advance. The capillary-leak-flow measurement system (CLFMS) used a positive-pressure gas supply to identify the relationship between pressure drop and capillary leak flow as well as size. In addition, theoretical estimation (Hagen-Poiseuille's equation) and cyclic flow simulation were also discussed. The particle transmission efficiency (penetration) of the capillary was simulated by applying the mechanism of capture efficiency such as aspiration, gravitational settling and diffusion. These results would be applied in the development of the HFFMS. The results of the capillary leak flow measurement had shown that the amount of leak flow was related to the capillary size as well as pressure drop, and it was in line with the theoretical estimation by Hagen-Poiseuille's equation. In addition, the use of cyclic and constant flow modes would produce a stable fit factor value during the inhalation phase. The ratio of the former and the latter is π/2 under the same condition, because the peak flow rate in cyclic flow mode is π/2 times higher than the average. The most penetrating particle size of capillary ranged from 100 to 400 nanometers. If the residence time of the particles in the capillary was too long, it may cause underestimation of particle concentration and then overestimate the fit factor. The HFFMS in this study consisted of four parts: particle generation, manikin simulation, clean air delivery, and particle concentration measurement. The challenge aerosol could be generated by NaCl or DEHS with count median diameter of 60 or 200 nanometers, respectively and the number concentration was about 10^5~10^6 #/cm3. The manikin was modeled by 3D scanning and printing technology to mimic a real human subject. A silicone rubber skin was fabricated with hardness 9A to replace real human skin, and a suction device was connected to simulate the inhalation situation. For clean air delivery, HEPA filters connected in series were used to reduce the possibility of particles entering the facepiece from the filter. The particle concentration would be measured by a quantitative fit tester (PortaCount) or a condensable particle counter (CPC). The response time of the system was about 5.7 minutes, and the highest fit factor that could be measured was about 10^7. Second part Using traditional respiratory protective equipment may often encounter some challenges when choosing a suitable mask size, wearing a mask with proper strap tension and keeping its protection efficiency. To solve these problems, a customized respirator could be the answer. Because it was fabricated according to the face of subject, the leak between face and mask could be filled, which provided a high-fitting condition. However, in the case of high fitting, how to quantify its high-fit-factor condition accurately was seldom mentioned in previous studies. Therefore, this part of the study aimed to develop customized respirators fabrication methods, and then use the high-fit-factor measurement system (HFFMS) to do the performance evaluation. The experiment used 3D scanner to collect the face parameters of the subject. Its 3D image file was used in computer-aided design software to construct the main structure of the customized facet. Afterwards, masks as well as silicone molds were printed by a 3D printer. The principle of the high-fit-factor measurement system was increasing the ratio of the concentration of particles inside and outside the mask to achieve the purpose of measuring a higher fit factor. Therefore, NaCl or DEHS particles with a count median diameter of 60 or 200 nanometers was generated in the system and the number concentration was about 10^5~10^6 #/cm3. In addition, the respirator was directly connected to a clean air flow filtered by HEPA in series in order to reduce the particle penetration caused by using cartridges. For the measurement of particle concentration, a quantitative fit tester (PortaCount) or a condensable particle counter (CPC) was used. The response time of the system was about 5.7 minutes, and the highest measurable fit factor was about 10^7. The results showed that although the customized mask had to be very adapted to the face, there would still be some leakage when wearing. This consequence may be resulted from the bias of the 3D scanner and printer, the mask weight, or some slight changes in facial features with time. When it came to fit factor, customized masks could achieve the same performance as the commercially available masks with lower strap tension, which made wearers had better protection efficiency and comfort. On the other hand, the fit factor of commercially available masks on subject are greatly different from that on manikin, but it was not obvious when using customized masks. The reason may be that the softer face skin could block more leakage areas. Because the areas of the customized mask were fewer than those of the commercially available mask, the improved ratio was lower. Finally, applying HFFMS could elevate the upper limit of fit testing results. However, the phenomenon of fit factor overestimation remained. It would be ideal to evaluate the high-fit-factor condition by using flow measurement method. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-11T14:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-1507202017343500.pdf: 4722792 bytes, checksum: 0f4873ef7b5674fe72b8b8841a86c757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 .................................................. 2 致謝 ............................................................. 3 目錄 ............................................................. 4 序言 ............................................................. 5 第一部分 ......................................................... 6 第一部分目錄..................................................... 7 表目錄 .......................................................... 8 圖目錄 .......................................................... 9 摘要 ........................................................... 10 Abstract........................................................ 11 第一章 研究緣起與目的 ........................................... 13 1.1 研究緣起 ................................................... 13 1.2 目的 ...................................................... 14 第二章 文獻探討................................................. 15 2.1 密合係數與密合度測試........................................ 15 2.2 濾材壓降與壓降之關係........................................ 16 2.3 毛細管微粒穿透率之計算...................................... 16 2.4 臉部尺寸對於密合度之探討..................................... 18 2.5 客製化面體之運用 ........................................... 18 第三章 研究方法 ................................................. 20 3.1 高密合度量測系統之參數評估 .................................. 20 3.2 高密合度量測系統建置 ....................................... 21 第四章 結果討論 ................................................. 23 4.1 毛細管洩漏特性 ............................................. 23 4.2 毛細管微粒穿透率特性 ....................................... 25 4.3 高密合度量測系統測試 ....................................... 27 第五章 結論建議 ................................................ 29 參考文獻 ....................................................... 30 第二部分 ........................................................ 51 第二部分目錄.................................................... 52 表目錄.......................................................... 53 圖目錄.......................................................... 54 摘要............................................................ 55 Abstract ....................................................... 56 第一章研究緣起與目的............................................. 58 1.1 研究緣起 .................................................. 58 1.2 目的 ...................................................... 59 第二章文獻探討.................................................. 60 2.1 密合係數與密合度測試 ....................................... 60 2.2 濾材阻抗與壓降之關係 ....................................... 61 2.3 3D 掃描技術探討 ........................................... 61 2.4 3D 列印技術探討 ........................................... 62 2.5 臉部尺寸對於密合度之探討 ................................... 63 2.6 臉部皮膚硬度 ............................................... 63 2.7 客製化面體之運用 ........................................... 65 第三章研究方法................................................... 66 3.1 客製化口罩之研發 ........................................... 66 3.2 口罩密合度量測 ............................................ 67 第四章結果討論.................................................. 69 4.1 客製化口罩設計差異 ......................................... 69 4.2 環境氣膠凝核記數法 ......................................... 69 4.3 高密合度量測系統測試 ....................................... 71 第五章結論建議.................................................. 72 參考文獻....................................................... 73 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 客製化半面式呼吸防護具之效能評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Performance Evaluation of Customized Half-Mask Respirators | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 108-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 黃盛修(Sheng-Hsiu Huang),林志威(Chih-Wei Lin),林文印(Wen-Yin Lin),蕭大智(Ta-Chih Hsiao) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 客製化呼吸防護具,定量密合度,密合係數,毛細管,高密合度量測系統, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | customized respiratory protective equipment,quantitative fit testing,fit factor,capillary,high-fit-factor measurement system, | en |
dc.relation.page | 85 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202001553 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2020-07-17 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.date.embargo-lift | 2023-08-14 | - |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 |
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