應用VR虛擬實境技術以探討標線反光性能

Abstract

標線為道路指引中重要指標之一，應此須具有足夠的亮度，提供駕駛人有足的指引能力，近年來國內對於道路安全的重視程度不斷提升，但對於標線的反光性能之檢測標準卻仍很稀少。為建立反光性能之檢測標準，文獻中常用方法為透過人員觀測現地標線，此方法不僅需花費大量人力與空間和時間，亦受限於標線類型與道路環境。因此本研究透過虛擬實境VR方法建置虛擬道路，並透過受試者現地實驗與VR實驗進行亮度校正，訂定回歸反射值(RL)與VR中標線反光度之轉換關係式。本研究針對20~30歲(年輕組)、40~50歲(中年組)、60歲以上(年長組)各進行30位受試者實驗，結果顯示年長者不但於視覺偵測距離最短並且群體差異也是最大，而在簡單反應時間中，年長組也需要最長的反應時間，確實60歲以上之駕駛者確實為交通設施進行設計時最需重視的族群。 根據實驗結果也提出一般限速為50公里/小時之道路至少需要90 mcd/m2/lux之標線反光性能(RL)，才能夠滿足85%駕駛者需求。本研究所建置之VR擬真環境可模擬不同標線回歸反射值、車燈變化、環境變化等條件，除可訂定標線反光標準外，亦可應用於標線目視檢測訓練與國內高齡者更換駕照之體檢上，協助道路主管機關提升交通安全

Road marking is one of the important traffic control devices to deliver essential information, and it should have sufficient visibility to function well. In recent years, road authorities in Taiwan have noticed and improved road safety in many aspects, but the requirements of pavement markings’ reflectivity are still insufficient. In order to establish standards for reflectivity, the most commonly used method in the literature is to observe the road marking by human. This method not only requires a lot of manpower, space and time, but also is limited by the type of marking and road environment. Therefore, in this study, a virtual road was constructed by virtual reality (VR) method to simulate driving on a typical road in Taiwan. The luminance, the key factor of this simulation, was corrected by the subjects' vision testing in true and VR environment. This study focuses on 3 age groups (young, middle-aged and older adults), with 30 subjects in each group. The result shows that older people has not only the shortest visual detection distance but also the biggest variance. The olderly also needs the longest reaction time. This concludes that drivers over 60 years old are the most critical group when designing traffic control devices. According to the experimental results, the researchers also proposed that the road with a speed limit of 50 km/h requires at least 90 mcd/m2/lux of the road retroreflectivity to satisfy the needs of 85% of drivers. The VR simulation environment built in this research can simulate the conditions of different retroreflectivity levels, car lights, weather, and ambient lighting conditions. In addition to the retroreflectivity standards, it can also be applied to visual inspection training and checkup in senior driver, assisting the authorities to improve traffic safety.