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標題: | 血球細胞連續採集系統之設計與實驗 Design and Experiment of Blood Cell Continually Collecting Apheresis System |
作者: | Tao Liang 梁道 |
指導教授: | 施文彬(Wen-Pin Shih) |
共同指導教授: | 劉建豪(Chien-Hao Liu) |
關鍵字: | 防扭曲機制,血細胞分離,自動化,標準收集程序,血小板,白血球, anti-twist mechanism,blood cell separation,automation,standard collection protocol,platelet,leukocyte, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 儘管科技的進展,尤其是人工智慧的導入,使得醫療技術呈現飛躍性的提升,但人類面對壽命延長所突顯出的基因性及退行性疾病的課題更加嚴峻。現今醫療科技上最難克服的難題之一是退行性疾病,雖然人體組織退化是不可逆的過程,如何讓減緩退化的進程及痛苦的緩解,是醫學界嚴肅的課題,而再生醫學的興起,提供了退化性疾病的一個值得期待的治療管道。再生醫療涵蓋了細胞療法、組織及器官工程、及活化因子(或富含血小板血漿)療法、基因療法。無論是幹細胞療法、免疫細胞療法及活化因子療法,血液均扮演非常重要且關鍵的介質。血液屬非牛頓流體,如何將懸浮在血漿的細胞、蛋白、因子等標的成分分離、蒐集,尚待有效、簡便的手段。關於再生醫學的基礎研究,迫却需要可靠、標準化製備特定血液成分的手段。在本研究中,提出一種血球細胞連續採集之系統,並以此系統設備實現了具有針對特定細胞收集,相對於傳統實驗室使用試管採集血細胞,能以一種具有累積效應之高效率及高精準的控制模式之血細胞單採,此系統進而能提供血液細胞相關研究工作人員之自動標準化血細胞採集流程。在本研究中之血球細胞連續採集之系統,其傳動機制以行星齒輪的方式設計,並整合防扭曲機制應用於離心設備,且將其縮小以符合輕便化的趨勢,同時導入了即時在線偵測以及程式化演算自動控制的概念。 首先將防扭曲機制以皮帶輪驅動的方式應用於兩倍速離心裝置,其主要離心旋轉體透過旋轉支架以相同的轉向並依各自的軸承以二比一的角速率被驅動著旋轉。當有管或線需要連接於主要旋轉體與靜止平面時,其管或線必須是可繞性的,且管或線的兩端是連接在主要旋轉體與靜止平面上單位法向量相同且與旋轉的角速度方向平行的面上,則可避免管與發生扭曲。為使此血液離心裝置於高速旋轉下達到穩定性,其旋轉裝置的結構對稱性、支撐力與零組件重量在相對位置上的設計是相當重要以避免震動的產生,此外,由於可繞性管線張力的影響,旋轉裝置整體的動平衡非常難以維持,為求高速旋轉時的動態平衡,設計上進一步採用了圓筒狀的概念以及傘齒輪的傳動結構並增加結構重量以抵銷可繞性管線張力的影響,讓整體裝置在高速轉動時所產生的振動減小。 為使此血球細胞連續採集之系統可實際使用,系統整合空氣偵測器、血漿感測器、壓力偵測器及荷重單元,並結合輸液幫浦及管鉗夾模組來驅動與控制來自管路、血袋及離心艙室所裝載的血液。最後透過以全套血液檢查(CBC)用以分析所採集血液中的組成成分,確認所發展的血液分離機構將可針對特定的血球細胞進行擷取。經由調整離心轉速、持續時間、輸液幫浦流量及血漿偵測器,以連續提供全血的方式,達到高效率取得大量血小板與白血球的收集,相對於實驗室人工採集血細胞的方式,本研究所發展之血球細胞連續採集之系統可以提供未來相關血細胞的研究工作中對於特定血細胞採集程序的標準化及效率增進。 Due to the advances in science and technology, especially the introduction of artificial intelligence has led to a dramatic improvement in medical technology. Therefore, humans are facing serious issues of genetic and degenerative diseases by prolonged lifespan. One of the most difficult problems in medical technology to overcome today is degenerative diseases. Although the degradation of human tissue is an irreversible process, how to slow down the degeneration process and relieve pain is a serious issue in the medical field. The rise of regenerative medicine provides a promising treatment pipeline for degenerative diseases. Regenerative medicine covers cell therapy, tissue and organ engineering, bioactive molecular (or platelet-rich plasma) therapy, and gene therapy. Whether it is stem cell therapy, immune cell therapy, or even bioactive molecular therapy, blood stands a very important and critical medium. Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, how to separate and collect the cells, proteins, factors, and other target components suspended in plasma remains to need an effective and simple way. Regarding the basic research of regenerative medicine, there is an urgent need for reliable and standardized methods to prepare specific blood components. In this work, a blood cell continually collecting apheresis system was proposed and developed. This system equipment could be used for the specific blood cell collection. Comparing to the traditional laboratory method that used tubes to collect blood cells, the proposed system could complete blood cell apheresis with the high efficiency and precision by implementing the accumulation effect method. This system could provide the protocols of automatic standardized blood cell collection for the researchers and staff. The transmission mechanism structure of this system was designed in the manner of planetary gears and the centrifugal equipment of this system was integrated with the anti-twist mechanism. The size of the proposed system was reduced for the portability. Meanwhile, the concept of real-time online detection and computational automatic control were imported into this system for achieving the continuous blood cell collection system. The anti-twist mechanism was successfully applied into the double-speed centrifugal device by the pulley drive. The main centrifugal rotating chamber rotates through the rotating bracket in the same direction by their bearings, respectively. The angular speed ratio of 2 between the centrifugal rotating chamber and the rotating bracket was achieved. When the tubes or wires are required to connect the main rotating chamber to the stationary plane, the tubes or lines should be flexible. Besides, the two ends of the tube or wire are connected to the surface of the main rotating chamber and the stationary plane which have the same unit normal vector and parallels to the direction of the angular velocity of rotation for avoiding the twisted. In order to make the blood centrifugal device stable under high-speed rotation, the structural symmetry of the rotating device, the design of the relative position of the supporting force, and the weight of the components are very important to avoid the generation of vibration. In addition, due to the influence of the flexible pipeline's tension, the overall dynamic balance of the rotating device is very difficult to maintain. In order to achieve dynamic balance during high-speed rotation, the design further adopts the cylindrical-shaped concept and the transmission structure of bevel gears and also increases the structural weight to offset the influence of the flexible pipeline tension. Therefore, the vibration generated during high-speed rotation is reduced. In order to make this blood cell continuous collection system practical, this system was integrated with the air detector, plasma sensor, pressure detector, and load cell. Besides, this system was combined with the peristaltic pump and the tube clamp module for driving and controlling the blood contained in pipelines, blood bags, and centrifuge compartments. Finally, through the use of the complete blood count test (CBC) to analyze the components in the collected blood, it is confirmed that the developed blood separation mechanism will be able to extract specific blood cells. By adjusting the centrifugal speed, duration, peristaltic pump flow, and detection of plasma detector, the method of continuous supply of whole blood can achieve high efficiency to obtain a large number of platelets and white blood cells. Compared with the manual collection of blood cells in the laboratory, the proposed continuous blood cell collection system can provide the standardization and efficiency improvement of specific blood cell collection procedures in the future work. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/78302 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202002656 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
電子全文公開日期: | 2024-01-01 |
顯示於系所單位: | 機械工程學系 |
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