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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 莊汶博 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kun-Yu Tu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 杜昆育 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-11T14:36:13Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2022-09-04 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2017-09-04 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2017-08-18 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 黃守宏、吳文哲 (2011)，全球暖化對台灣水稻害蟲及其管理方法可能之影響，農業試驗所技術服務，85期:8-10
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/77862 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 隨著氣溫以及大氣二氧化碳濃度不斷上升，地球農業生態系統將遭受影響。水稻為亞洲主要的糧食作物。瘤野螟則為鱗翅目水稻害蟲，可藉由咬食及捲曲葉片造成水稻在分蘗盛期出現白葉，抽穗期時危害提供稻穗主要養分來源的劍葉導致產量嚴重損失。植物在生長時會同時遭受到生物及非生物逆境之限制，甚至有交感效應產生。因此，我們以生長箱模擬溫室效應的環境、以慣行與有機土分別種植，探討感蟲(台中在來一號，TN1)與抗蟲水稻(清流，Qingliu)的生長狀況，並測量其葉片SPAD 值、葉片硬度、葉片茸毛密度等外觀性狀以及抗生物性逆境相關賀爾蒙(JA、SA)之生合成基因表現量、抗蟲相關蛋白(PAL、POD、PPO)及酚類二次代謝物含量。藉由複因子統計分析方法，探討環境、土壤、品種及蟲害因子及其交感效應對於水稻葉部抗蟲相關性狀之影響，藉此預測未來水稻與害蟲之互動關係。實驗結果發現清流具有較高的茸毛密度、較低的葉綠素含量。在高溫與高二氧化碳(HCHT)環境下瘤野螟咬食1 天後，水稻葉POD 活性、OsAOS、OsCOI1 等基因活性於表現高與一般環境，而總酚含量低於一般環境。在品種方面，經瘤野螟咬食3 天後的PAL(有機土種植)、咬食1天後的PPO、POD、OsCOI1(HCHT)為清流高於台中在來1 號；在土壤方面則多受交感效應影響；經瘤野螟咬食1 天後水稻葉OsCOI1(HCHT)基因表現量與花青素(有機土種植)含量比起未受蟲咬的水稻處理高。昆蟲成蛾是影響下一代數量的關鍵，本實驗結果顯示於HCHT 下公成蛾於第二世代時體型較大；母成蛾則於第二、三世代體型較一般環境大。透過本研究可作為預測未來水稻與瘤野螟之間互動情形的參考依據。 | zh_TW |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 i
中 文 摘 要 ii Abstract iii 目 錄 iv 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 附圖及附表目錄 ix 縮寫字對照 x 前 言 1 1. 植物與昆蟲交互作用 1 2. 氣候變遷因子(溫度、二氧化碳)對植物生長之影響相關研究 2 3. 氣候變遷因子(溫度、二氧化碳)對昆蟲生長之影響相關研究 4 4. 有機土及慣行土對水稻及蟲害之影響 4 5. 瘤野螟型態、生活史及對水稻之影響 5 6. 植物對咬食型害蟲之物理性及化學性防禦策略 6 7. 植物面對咬食型害蟲之茉莉酸及水楊酸相關防禦機制 8 8. 植物面對咬食型害蟲產生抗蟲相關之蛋白及酚類二次代謝物 9 9. 本論文研究目標 10 材料與方法 12 1. 試驗植物材料、種植與試驗處理 12 1.1 植物材料與品種 12 1.2 種子消毒、發芽、育苗及移植 12 1.3 生長箱環境處理 13 2. 瘤野螟蟲源飼養及試驗處理 14 2.1 瘤野螟蟲源飼養 14 2.2 瘤野螟試驗處理 14 3. 水稻外表性狀調查 16 3.1 水稻葉片SPAD值 16 3.2 葉片硬度測量 17 3.3 葉片茸毛密度測量 17 3.4 水稻產量分析 17 4. 水稻抗蟲相關蛋白質活性分析 17 4.1 蛋白質定量 18 4.2 苯丙胺酸裂解酶(PAL)活性分析 18 4.3 多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性分析 19 4.4 過氧化物酶(POD)活性分析 19 5. 水稻基因表現分析 20 5.1 RNA萃取與定量 20 5.2 即時轉錄聚合酶鏈鎖反應(real-time RT-PCR) 21 6. 水稻酚類化合物分析 21 6.1 萃取方法 22 6.2 總酚含量(Total phenolic)測定 22 6.3 類黃酮含量(Flavonoid)測定 22 6.4 花青素含量(Anthocyanin)測定 23 7. 統計分析 23 結 果 25 1. 氣候變遷環境、土壤種類對不同水稻品種外表性狀之影響 25 1.1 葉片SPAD 值 25 1.2 葉片茸毛密度(Leafy trichome density) 25 1.3 葉片硬度(Toughness) 25 2. 氣候變遷環境、土壤種類對不同水稻品種相關抗蟲蛋白之影響 26 2.1 水稻葉片苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶(Phenylalanine lyase, PAL)活性 26 2.2 水稻葉片多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性 26 2.3 水稻葉片過氧化酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性 27 3. 氣候變遷環境、土壤種類對不同水稻品種葉片賀爾蒙(SA、JA)生合成基因之影響 28 3.1 Allene oxide synthase 1 (OsAOS1) 28 3.2 CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (OsCOI1) 28 3.3 Lipoxygenase (OsLOX) 30 3.4 Isochorismate synthase 1 (OsICS1) 30 4. 氣候變遷環境、土壤種類對不同水稻品種葉片酚類二次代謝物含量之影響 31 4.1 水稻葉片總酚(Total phenolic)含量 31 4.2 水稻葉片花青素(Anthocyanin)含量 31 4.3 水稻葉片類黃酮(Flavonoid)含量 32 5. 環境因子對於瘤野螟蟲源體型之影響 32 5.1 翅長 32 5.2 體長 32 5.3 蟲重 32 討 論 33 1. 氣候變遷、土壤因子與水稻抗蟲相關外表性狀關係之探討 33 2. 氣候變遷、土壤因子與水稻抗蟲相關化學性防禦之探討 34 2.1抗蟲蛋白(PAL、PPO、POD)活性之變化 34 2.2 JA、SA生合成相關基因(OsAOS1/OsCOI1/OsLOX/OsICS1)表現量之變化 36 2.3酚類二次代謝物(Total phenolic/Flavonoid/Anthocyanin)含量變化 38 3. 模擬氣候變遷環境下瘤野螟蟲源生長表現之探討 39 4. 結語與未來展望 41 參考文獻 63 表目錄 表一、環境、土壤與品種因子對水稻植株外表型之影響 43 表二、環境、土壤、蟲害與品種因子對水稻植株抗蟲相關蛋白質活性之影響 44 表三、環境、土壤、蟲害與品種因子對水稻植株與JA、SA相關生合成基因表現量之影響 45 表四、環境、土壤、蟲害與品種因子對水稻植株酚類二次代謝物含量之影響 46 圖目錄 圖一、水稻葉SPAD值受到環境與土壤因子之交感作用 47 圖二、水稻葉PAL (1Day)蛋白受到土壤與品種因子之交感作用 48 圖三、水稻葉POD (1Day LF)蛋白受到土壤與品種因子之交感作用 49 圖四、水稻葉POD (3Days LF)蛋白受到土壤與蟲咬因子之交感作用 50 圖五、水稻葉OsAOS1(1Day LF)基因受到環境與土壤因子之交感作用 51 圖六、水稻葉OsCOI1(1Day)基因受到環境與品種因子之交感作用 52 圖七、水稻葉OsCOI1(1Day)基因受到環境與蟲咬因子之交感作用 53 圖八、水稻葉OsLOX(1Day)基因受到環境與蟲咬因子之交感作用 54 圖九、水稻葉OsICS1(1Day)基因受到環境與蟲咬因子之交感作用 55 圖十、水稻葉OsICS1(1Day)基因受到環境與土壤因子之交感作用 56 圖十一、水稻葉花青素含量受到環境與土壤因子之交感作用 57 圖十二、水稻葉花青素含量受到環境與品種因子之交感作用 58 圖十三、水稻葉花青素含量受到土壤與蟲咬因子之交感作用 59 圖十四、不同環境下瘤野螟蟲源翅長變化 60 圖十五、不同環境下瘤野螟蟲源體長變化 61 圖十六、不同環境下瘤野螟蟲源蟲重變化 62 附圖及附表目錄 附圖一、清流(Qingliu，QL)與台中在來1號(TN1)水稻在不同環境、土壤、與蟲咬因子下之產量 76 附圖二、清流(Qingliu，QL)與台中在來1號(TN1)水稻在不同環境、土壤、與蟲咬因子下之稔實率 77 附圖三、清流(Qingliu)與台中在來1號(TN1)在不同環境與土壤因子處理下葉片產卵數量 78 附圖四、水稻葉片表面茸毛 79 附圖五、成蛾體型測量示意圖 80 附圖六、R code for Four way ANOVA 81 附圖七、R code for Three way ANOVA 82 附圖八、R code for One way ANOVA 83 附表一、Real-time qRT PCR Primers 84 附表二、Protein extraction buffer 85 附表三、行政院農業委員會桃園區農業改良場慣行土與有機田土營養元素概況 86 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 高溫高二氧化碳 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 瘤野螟 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 台中在來 1 號 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 清流 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 茸毛密度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | high temperature and high CO2 | en |
| dc.subject | Cnaphalocrocis medinalis | en |
| dc.subject | Taichung Native 1 | en |
| dc.subject | Qingliu | en |
| dc.title | 探討溫度-二氧化碳上升與土壤因子影響水稻與瘤野螟間之交互作用 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Effect of Elevated Temperature-CO2 and Soil Type on
Rice - Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) Interaction | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 105-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張孟基,何傳愷,廖君達 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 瘤野螟,台中在來 1 號,清流,茸毛密度,高溫高二氧化碳, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Taichung Native 1,Qingliu,high temperature and high CO2, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 86 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201703671 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2017-08-18 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 農藝學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 農藝學系 | |
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