我國紡織業發展循環經濟之競爭優勢與策略探討

Abstract

本研究旨在探討我國紡織業發展循環經濟之競爭優勢，以及廠商在此優勢及產業環境之下的可能因應策略。紡織產業為我國主要產業之一，2019年產值達新台幣3,740億元，然而，近年隨著勞動成本上升及產業外移等因素，產業規模逐年下降；另一方面，我國紡織廠商之主要客戶為國際服飾大廠，近年國際服飾大廠對其供應商環保要求有所提升。我國紡織廠商在成本及客戶需求的壓力之下，開始尋求新的轉型契機—循環經濟。 本研究以我國紡織品製造商為個案進行個案分析，針對循環經濟之定義及概況、發展趨勢、相關學術文獻進行探討，並回顧五力分析模型、鑽石模型，以及PEST總體環境分析模型等理論，作為本研究主要分析架構。 根據五力分析模型對於我國紡織產業競爭環境及競爭作用力之探討，我國紡織產業之替代品威脅較低、購買者議價能力較高、產業內競爭強度較高、供應商議價能力較弱，且新進入者的威脅較高。另外，根據鑽石模型分析結果，我國廠商具備發展循環經濟之競爭優勢，包含高技術的生產條件、充分的需求條件、完整的相關支援產業，以及高度競爭的產業結構和差異化的產品策略。 根據PEST總體環境分析模型，我國紡織業所面臨之外部環境因素包含國際政治間高度不確定性對產業的影響、貿易自由化進展程度趨緩、全球貨幣政策寬鬆風險、國際服飾廠商及消費者對環保的重視度提升、紡織品技術進步等。 本研究認為我國紡織產業應用循環經濟之可能策略包含：提高環保紡織品及製程之研發投資，以保持競爭優勢；減少生產環節中對中國大陸之依賴程度，以避免未來貿易衝突所帶來的不利影響；將高技術、低勞力的商品生產線遷移回台生產，以有效利用台灣紡織業之競爭優勢；持續強化Made in Taiwan品牌形象，以環保、高品質、進步等特點吸引採購商甚至終端零售消費者。

This study is to explore the competitive advantages of circular economy developments segment in Taiwan's textile industry, and the potential strategies of companies given these advantages and the industrial environment. The textile industry is one of the main industries in Taiwan. Its value amounted to 374 billion NTD in 2019. However, due to rising labor costs and industrial relocation to other countries, the industry has been shrinking rapidly in recent years. On the other hand, the main customers of Taiwan’s textile companies are international apparel manufacturers, which have been requesting their suppliers to improve environmental protection requirements. Given rising labor cost and customers’ demand, Taiwan’s textile companies have begun to applying the idea of circular economy into their production process. This study takes Taiwan’s textile companies as samples to conduct the case study. Literature review includes the definition and overview, the trend, and the related academic of circular economy. In addition, to implement the academic analytic framework, we also review the five forces model, the diamond model, and the PEST model in this study. According to the result of five-force analysis model, the threat of substitutes is low; bargaining power of buyers is high; rivalry among existing competitors is strong; the bargaining of suppliers is weak; the threat of new entrants is high. In addition, according to the results of the diamond model analysis, Taiwan’s textile companies possess competitive advantages of applying circular economy. The advantages include high standard technology, sufficient demand, complete related supporting industries, as well as a highly competitive industrial structure and strategies. According to the PEST analysis model, the external environmental factors faced by Taiwan’s textile industry include the impact of the uncertainty in international politics, the slowdown in the progress of trade liberalization, the risk of global easing monetary policy, and international apparel consumers’ increased demand on environmental protection, advancement in textile technology, etc. This study concludes that strategies for the application of circular economy in Taiwan’s textile industry include: increasing R D investment in eco-friendly textiles to maintain a competitive advantage; reducing the production dependency on China to avoid the impact of future trade conflicts; relocating high-tech and low-labor production lines back to Taiwan to effectively utilize the competitive advantages of Taiwan; strengthening the “Made in Taiwan” brand image with the characteristics of environmental protection and high quality to attract international buyers .