風能驅動之滑桿式摩擦式奈米發電機

Abstract

本研究中成功開發出結合曲柄連桿結構用於收集風能之摩擦奈米發電機，藉由風力推動結合風車之曲柄連桿，使與其連接之滑塊於滑動軌道上產生前後週期性運動，因而使滑塊上之鍍鋁(Aluminum, Al)摩擦層與軌道上固定於電極上的鐵氟龍(Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)層產生交互橫向滑動，因而產生電能。研究中並將鋁電極製造成光柵形狀來達到一次運動可產生複數個輸出之加乘效果，此外，鐵氟龍層表面也奈米化形成奈米線結構，增加其與鋁電極接觸之表面積來有效增加發電效能。曲柄連桿設計則達到風扇轉軸每轉動一圈，能夠使得鋁摩擦極滑塊於軌道上有風扇兩倍半徑的運動距離，並且矩形柱狀滑塊設計，使其四周能結合矩形滑動軌道，達到一次運動有四個面摩擦輸出電能之效果。 研究乘過證實此奈米發電機能夠產生最大開路電壓 60 V、最大短路電流 7 µA和最大瞬時作功 7 mW，可有效驅動商業用 LED 等小型電子元件。此外，在不同之風速環境下，此奈米發電機會產生不同之輸出電流值(在風速 1.1 m/s 到 10.4 m/s之間可產生 0.25 µA 到 2.2 µA 的電流值)，故此裝置亦可做為一般環境下之風速感測器。預期本研究成果將可結合其他環境相關檢測設備，達到戶外自供電檢測站之目的。

In this study, a triboelectric nanogenerator with a crank structure for harvesting wind energy was successfully developed. The wind-driven crank combined windmill is used to cause the slider connected thereto generate periodic motion on the sliding track. Thus, the aluminized friction layer on the slider and the Teflon layer fixed on the electrode on the track alternately slide laterally to generate electricity. In the research, the aluminum electrode is fabricated into a grating shape to achieve a single motion, which can produce multiple outputs. In addition, the surface of the PTFE layer is fabricated to form a nanowire structure, increasing the surface area in contact with the aluminum electrode to effectively increase power generation. The crank design achieves one revolution of the fan shaft, which enables the slider to have double-radius movement distance on the track. Moreover, the rectangular column slider is designed to be combined with a rectangular sliding track, so single movement of the slider would rub four surfaces to get four times of outputs. The research proves that this nanogenerator can generate maximum open circuit voltage of 60 V, maximum short-circuit current of 7 µA, and maximum instantaneous work of 7 mW, which can effectively drive small electronic components such as commercial LEDs. In addition, the generator will produce different output current (current values of 0.25 µA to 2.2 µA can be generated when wind speeds of 1.1 m/s to 10.4 m/s), so the device can be used as a sensitive wind speed sensor. It is expected that this research can be combined with other environmentally relevant testing equipment and electrical sensors to achieve the purpose of an outdoor self-powered testing station.