國際商港引水人排班最佳化研究—以高雄港為例

Abstract

高雄港為中華民國第一大港、世界排名第 15 大港口，貨櫃吞吐量約占臺灣整體港口貨櫃吞吐量四分之三，2017 年貨物吞吐量 11,607 萬公噸，約占臺灣整體港口貨物吐量二分之一（47.09%），貨物量最大。同年進出港及移泊之船舶艘次近 4 萬餘艘，為台灣進出口貿易門戶，影響台灣經濟甚鉅。單一港口每年收取的各式港埠服務費用加總超過千億台幣，產值甚高。 高雄港現有進出港排程系統為沿用上世紀之人工系統，為防止人為黑箱作業及調度員青黃不接而產生之效率不佳，追求齊頭式公平導致各類船舶為等候進出港之時間甚長，依 2017年領港登輪後，船隻等待航道時間-進出港統計，每艘船舶平均等待時間為 22.34 分鐘，標準差為 20.66，造成各類成本如航商之船舶與燃油、港埠運營、領港、代理行、拖船公司、碼頭作業、倉儲及運輸等成本虛耗，效率成長空間甚大。 其中本人服務之引水公會現行排班之大輪班制度，自日據時代施行至今，由於船舶數量增多、船舶大型化且港口建設幅員不斷擴大，已漸不合時宜，有改善調整的空間。故發想如何結合現代資訊科技創新，以改善工作品質，開始推動研發與建置智慧排程資訊系統。經過1 年半的共同努力，終於客製化開發出專屬之智慧排班演算法並建置系統軟體完成。電腦運算評估效益每位引水人每日平均工時可減少約 70 分鐘，單日內最長單次休息時間超過 6 小時的日數比例也會增加 21%。將減少的時間換算引水人所得，每年可節省公會大量的人力時間成本，效益顯著；而因增加長時間連續休息的健康效益更是無價。 港口經營面對強大國際競爭，世界主要港口皆正在發展智慧港口資訊系統，也已編列預算執行，唯有抓住時機主動應變，否則就等再次落後，喪失主導權而後悔莫及。總之，時代已經不同，應善用科技工具增進國家福祉。今天不做，明天就會後悔。

The Kaohsiung Port is the largest port in Taiwan and the fifteenth largest around the word. It served 116 million tons of goods in 2017, which was about 47.09% of all goods for Taiwan. In each year, the total number of inbound, outbound, and transfered ships is around 40 thousand, and all the fees collected is above 100 billion New Taiwan Dollars. From all perspectives, it plays a significant role in Taiwan’s economy. However, its scheduling system is still remained manual and inefficient. According to the data in 2017, after harbor pilots went onboard ships, in average needed to wait 22.34 minutes (the standard deviation is 20.66). This obviously caused wastes on costs of ships, fuels, harbor operations, tugs, pilots, warehouses and logistics etc. Similarly, the scheduling system of the harbor pilots is the same. It was introduced by Japanese port authority about hundred years ago, and which needs to be adjusted to face the increasing number and size of ships, and the increasing scale of the port. Therefore, we started to consider how to utilize modern information technology to build a smart scheduling system. After one and a half year’s efforts, the customized scheduling algorithm and software are finally developed. According to the simulation analysis, each harbor pilot’s working time per day will be decreased by 70 minutes in average, and the percentage of days in which the longest off-duty time is above six hours will be increased by 21%. While this can greatly reduce the labor cost, and the improvement of health is even more valuable. Ports all face intensive international competition. As all major ports in the world are developing intelligent port information systems, the Kaohsiung port also needs to follow the trend to avoid becoming out-of-date. For the new era, we need to adopt innovative technology to enhance the welfare and the competitiveness our country. Please do not leave what we can do today for tomorrow.