台灣離岸風場工程保險之研究

Abstract

近年全球平均溫度不斷上升，世界各國均遭受嚴竣之極端氣候挑戰，抑制溫室氣體排放已成全球最關注之重點，為順應全球氣候變遷與節能減碳趨勢，我國政府除於民國98 年7 月9 日公告「再生能源發展條例」，並從100 年起推動「再生能源極大化」之新能源政策，逐年提高再生能源之設置目標，行政院於101 年2 月核定「千架海陸風力機」計畫，以「先開發陸域風場，續開發離岸風場」作為推動策略，逐步帶動風電發展由陸域推向離岸。 我國陸域優良風場已逐漸開發完成， 101 年以後風電新增裝置容量呈現逐年減少之趨勢，未來可供開發之陸城風場地點漸難取得，加上噪音、眩影與視覺街擊等環境考量，以及民眾意識抬頭、環保意識提升等因素，導致陸域風場開發挑戰逐漸提高，陸域優良風場逐漸飽和，相對海上風場的風況穩定且風力比起陸域風場來的豐沛，世界各國陸續發展離岸風力發電，故離岸風力發電已成為全球趨勢。 離岸風力發電屬於高技術性與複雜性本質，致其在建造、安裝、測試、營運與維護等不同階段可能涉及之災難性風險甚多，為避免巨大災難影響整體發電計畫，完整之風險管理流程有其必要性，而海事工程保險顯然是風險管理方法中最具關鍵性的措施。 離岸風力發電海事工程保險屬於國內產物保險界的新興工程險與財產險業務，因台灣離岸風力發電工程保險相關文獻極為缺乏，故透過蒐集歐洲相關文獻及台灣海事工程保險合約資料，本研究預期探討離岸風力發電工程保險內容與關鍵項目，並研擬出海事工程保險合理之保險費率，以供後續推動台灣離岸風力發電工程海事保險規劃參考，以便能發揮離岸風電場工程效益，為本研究之目的。

In recent years, with the global average temperature on the rise, all countries in the world are facing severely extreme climate challenges. To combat such global climate change and to comply with the trend of energy conservation and carbon reduction, our government announced the 'renewable energy development regulations' on July 9, 1998, and started to promote the new energy policy of 'maximizing renewable energy' since 2010. The Executive Yuan approved the project of installing “thousand land and sea wind turbines” in February, 2011, with the initial objective of “developing land-based wind farm before proceeding to offshore wind farm as the expected developmental trend. The development of land-based wind farms in Taiwan has been gradually completed and there is a decreasing pattern in the capacity of new land-based wind power installation on the annual basis, since it is becoming more difficult to obtain lands for development. In addition, the environmental considerations such as noise, glare and visual impact on land, including rising awareness of the public for environmental improvement and protection, it is an increasing challenge in the development of land-based wind farms, as better lands for wind power development are gradually saturated with turbines. In comparison, the wind condition of offshore wind farms is more stable and abundant than that of land-based wind farms, providing better power generation, that more countries are preferring to offshore wind farms. Offshore wind power generation is highly technical and complex in nature, which may involve many catastrophic risks at different stages of construction, installation, testing, operation and maintenance. In order to avoid huge disasters affecting the overall power generation plan, a complete risk management process is necessary, and marine engineering insurance is obviously the most critical measure. The marine engineering insurance for offshore wind power generation is a new type of engineering and property insurance in the domestic industry. Due to the lack of relevant literatures on offshore wind power engineering insurance in Taiwan, through the collection of relevant European literatures and marine engineering insurance contracts in Taiwan, this study would discuss the content and key projects of offshore wind power engineering insurance, and develop a more reasonable insurance rate as a reference for promoting and planning the marine insurance of offshore wind power projects in Taiwan, so as to give full play to the benefits of offshore wind power projects.