結合3D列印與高分子分散型液晶製作應用於太陽光通訊之拋物面鏡

Abstract

本論文嘗試利用3D列印技術製作用於太陽光通訊之可調變元件，利用前人之演算法設計摺紙拋物面鏡，並以TracePro進行光追跡的驗證，確認其可行性後以熔融沉積成型(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)機台列印聚乳酸 (Poly Lactic Acid, PLA)基板，再送至廠商鍍製金屬做為導電兼反射層，並用兩種製程結合高分子分散型液晶(Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal, PDLC)所製作之調變層，最後將元件固定於類拋物面支架再加以量測。 以輻射狀摺紙結構製作出的拋物面鏡其直徑為8.8公分、焦距為30公分，在量測方面，以驅動電壓、對比度、聚焦能力衡量元件表現，定義元件之光強度-電壓曲線級距90%處為驅動電壓，對比度則為光強度最高處與最低處之比值，而聚焦能力為通過元件之焦點直徑與原光點直徑之比值；以鋁為反射層之蒸鍍金屬元件具有驅動電壓為180V、對比度107.43%、聚焦能力66.1%，而以銅為反射兼導電層之黏合金屬元件則具有驅動電壓105V、對比度195.51%、聚焦能力70.3%。 本論文完成之元件有幾點創新之處：第一，利用3D列印技術製作元件基板，為研究及自開發場域帶來更多的彈性；第二，使用PDLC做為調變機制，以簡便的方式達成訊號調變，為便攜性加分許多；第三，調變層與反射層分離之製程，使得調變層不需遵循元件之表面型態(deformation)也能達到訊號調變。

In this thesis, we attempted to use 3D printing to fabricate tuneable devices for sunlight communication. This research utlized the posted algorithm to design origami paraboloid reflector, and verified the ray tracing in TracePro. After confirming its feasibility, substrates were made from Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) by fused deposition modeling(FDM) machine. We delegated the manufacturer to deposit the metal as reflective and conductive layer, and used two different processes to combine polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). Finally, we fixed the devices to the parabolic support and measured its optical performance. The paraboloid reflector made of radial origami structure has a diameter of 8.8 cm and a focal length of 30 cm. In terms of measurement, the performance of the devices were assessed by driving voltage, contrast value, and focusing ability. The driving voltage is defined at the 90% of the I-V curve, the contrast value is the ratio of the highest to the lowest light intensity, and the focusing ability is the ratio of the diameter at the focal point to the diameter of the original light spot. The device made of evaporated aluminum has a driving voltage of 180V, the contrast ratio of 107.43%,and focusing ability of 66.1%. The device made of adhesive copper has a driving voltage of 105V, the contrast ratio of 195.51%,and focusing ability of 70.3%. In this thesis, there are several innovations about the devices. First, it brings the flexibility by fabricating the devices with 3D printing. Second, signal modulation is easily achieved by using PDLC as a modulation mechanism. Third, the method of separating the modulation layer from the reflective layer allows the modulation layer need not to follow the surface deformation of the device.