固肥、液肥、種植三合一家庭廚餘堆肥桶研發

Abstract

本研究以家庭廚餘再利用，生產固肥、液肥及種植同時進行之多目標功能性及以環保材質等方面設計之三合一家庭廚餘堆肥桶。以生廚餘100%、生廚餘加熟廚餘各50%、熟廚餘100%三個實驗模組，探討廚餘桶堆肥模組是否腐熟完全並找出最佳化模組及使用後減少之廚餘量。結果得知，生廚餘加熟廚餘之堆肥效果最佳，堆肥腐熟度之pH為5.50、EC值為1.41dS/m、種子發芽率97%、種子發芽指數160.1%均達堆肥腐熟度條件。堆肥肥力之氮磷鉀濃度分別為氮74mg/kg提高了8倍、磷105mg/kg提高了17.5倍、鉀199mg/kg提高了12.5倍，肥力與等級皆比原有土壤數據提高。改良土壤效益之氮磷鉀營養鹽濃度及EC值分別比原始土壤提高了，氮3~5倍、磷1.2~2.7倍、鉀3.3~5.2倍、EC值1~7倍。使用此堆肥可使分蔥植物成長高度提高為2倍。 以臺北市內2019年12月之總戶數106萬戶估計，若每戶均能使用三合一廚餘桶，家庭廚餘自家完全再利用，則每月可減少廚餘量約為8150噸。

This study is a three-in-one family kitchen waste composting bucket designed for 1) household food waste reuse, 2) multi-purpose functions including production of solid fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, and planting, and 3) environmentally friendly materials. Based on three experimental modules, 100% raw food waste, 50% raw food waste plus 50% cook, and 100% cook, whether the composting module of food waste barrel was completely decomposed was explored, the optimal module was found out as well as the reduced amount of food waste after use. The results showed that the best composting effect resulted from the combination of raw food waste and cook. The said compost maturity’s pH value was 5.50, EC value was 1.41 dS / m, rate of seed germination was 97%, and index of seed germination was 160.1%, which all met the conditions of compost maturity. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium in compost were increased 8 times in nitrogen by 74 mg / kg, 17.5 times in phosphor by 105 mg / kg, and 12.5 times in potassium by 199 mg / kg. Fertility and grade were both higher than the data of the original soil. The NPK concentration and EC values of the improved soil were increased compared to the original soil, respectively, 3 to 5 times in nitrogen, 1.2 to 2.7 times in phosphor, 3.3 to 5.2 times in potassium, and 1 to 7 times in EC. The use of this compost can increase the height when planting shallots by a factor of two. With a total of 1.06 million households in Taipei in December of 2019, if each household can use the 3-in-1 food waste barrel, and if family food waste is fully reused, the amount of food waste can be reduced by about 8,150 tons per month.