台灣工具機產業技術進步率與獲利能力之研究

Abstract

我國工具機產業一直是政府推動技術升級的策略性產業，其產業技術進步率為何?以及廠商是否能獲利，關係台灣工具機產業的長期發展。本文使用Translog超對數生產函數模型，估計廠商之技術進步率，並探討影響我國工具機產業技術進步率的因素，以及技術進步率與廠商獲利間的關係。 本文主要利用台灣經濟新報TEJ資料庫工具機械業各上市上櫃公司2002年至2015年財報資料，實證結果發現，我國工具機產業技術進步率由2002年14.6％微幅下跌至2015年之13.7％，雖然仍高，但連續下降的趨勢值得注意。影響技術進步的原因包括薪資水準、研發支出、大中型規模、高資本密集度、高市佔率等變數，這些變數對技術進步率均有非常顯著之正向影響。而高外銷比率、轉型、負債比率增加則對技術進步呈略微顯著之正面影響；廠商的海外投資，對技術進步率影響為正但不顯著。有關技術進步率與廠商獲利的實證研究中，發現提升技術進步率、高階人才對廠商之獲利，則呈正向非常顯著之影響；高外銷比率廠商、於台灣、先進國家投資對廠商獲利能力雖亦為正向影響，但不顯著；而轉型、負債比率增加、大型廠商、高資本密集度等變數對廠商獲利則呈顯著之負面影響。因此廠商若提高技術進步率，廠商可獲致較高的利潤，換言之，工具機業為求長期發展，提升技術水準相當重要。

Our machine tool industry has been the strategic industry for the government to promote technical upgrade. What about the technological progress? And whether the manufacturers can profit or not? Both are associated with the long-term development of the industry. We use Translog production function model to estimate the technological progress, study the main causes about what the technological progress was affected, and the relationship between the technological progress and the profit of the firm. We use the Taiwan Economic Journal database listed on the OTC Company from 2002 to 2015 earning data to do this study. The empirical results shows that the techno-logical progress is slightly fell from 14.6％ in 2002 to 13.7％ in 2015. Although the rate is still high, the trend is continuous decline is noteworthy. Reasons for technological progress include salary levels, R&D expenditure, enterprise scale, high capital intensity and high market share, etc. These variables have shown a significant positive impact on technological progress. While the high export ratio, enterprise transformation, increasing in debt ratio is a slight significant positive impact on technological progress. The overseas investment of the firm has a positive effect but not significant on technological progress. In the empirical study of technological progress and firm profits we found that to enhance technological progress, salary-level to technological progress was very sig-nificant positive impact. The firms with high export ratio, investing in Taiwan and ad-vanced countries on the profit although also positive impact, but not significant. While the enterprise transformation, increasing in the debt ratio, enterprise scale, high capital intensity and other variables on the firm profit was significantly negative impact. There-fore, if manufacturers increase the technological progress, they can be a higher profit, that is, machine tool industry for the long-term development, enhance the technological progress is very important.