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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Yu-Huei Peng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 彭優慧 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-01T08:20:33Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-07-01T08:20:33Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 1998 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76348 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 小家鼠(Mus musculus)是一種廣佈於世界各地,並與人伴生的小型鼠類,在台灣主要分佈於各地農會的穀倉中。本研究選用6個微隨體DNA基因座作為遺傳標記,針對8個小家鼠族群進行遺傳結構的分析。經由兩階段的實驗後,確定每個個體的對偶基因型,依此估算各基因座的多型性及各族群間的遺傳結構與基因交流。 由6個微隨體DNA基因座的資料顯示,台灣小家鼠各族群內異型合子的比例很高(Ho=0.30-0.71, He=0.61-0.83)。各基因座對偶基因型的數量和重複序列的組成有關,和對偶基因的大小無關。在族群分化的分析方面,發現小家鼠族群內特有的對偶基因不多,僅琉球較多,顯示各族群間的分化程度並不大;然而,對偶基因的種類和頻度上的差別,已使族群問的遺傳組成達到顯著分化的程度(θ=0.052-0.444),連近距離的族群(關西和新埔)也有明顯的分化。琉球、關西、壽豐和其他族群間的遺傳距離較遠,而金門和西部的4個族群則有較高的相似度。由於小家鼠的遷徙受到人為因素的影響很大,這個結果和台灣墾民多來自大陸的歷史事件相符,顯示台灣小家鼠可能大部份源自大陸地區。 在族群內部結構的分析方面,除了花蓮壽豐的族群外,其他小家鼠族群內均有異型合子不足的現象,這可能和天擇、近親交配、無效對偶基因和族群合併等因素有關。 台灣小家鼠族群的族群結構的分化,可能和拓殖者的來源和組成、遺傳漂變、族群波動及基因交流等因素有關,至於各因素的影響程度則需進一步實驗及分析。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T08:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 中文摘要. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI 致謝. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII 壹、前言. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 貳、實驗材料及方法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 樣本採集. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. DNA粗萃取. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.微隨體DNA的增幅與基因型判斷. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1 基因型的初步判讀. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1.1 雙股聚合酵素連鎖反應. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1.2 非變質性凝膠電泳. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2 基因型的確認. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.1 放射性標定PCR反應. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.2 定序用膠體電泳. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.資料分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.1 遺傳變異度. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2 哈溫平衡之檢測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 對偶基因分佈之檢測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.4 族群之遺傳結構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.5 遺傳距離. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.6 以「階梯式的突變模式(step-wise mutation model)」為理論依據,估算族群分化指數. . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.7 族群親緣關係樹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.8 族群遺傳距離與地理距離. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.9 異型合子個數(he)之期望值. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.10 無效對偶基因之檢測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.11 演化模式之檢測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 參、結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 微隨體DNA基因型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.族群內基因之多樣性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.1 小家鼠微隨體DNA基因座的特性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.2 族群內的對偶基因數與遺傳變異度. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.族群內符合哈溫平衡之檢驗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4. 族群的遺傳結構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5. 族群分化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.l 族群內特有對偶基因(private allele)的數目. . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 對偶基因型頻率差異. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2.1 直接觀察. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2.2 統計分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.3 族群分化指標-固定指數. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.3.1 θ值. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.3.2 RsT值. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.4 遺傳距離. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.4.1 Nei’s D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.4.2 dmμ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.5 以遺傳距離建構族群親緣樹. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.6 基因互流程度. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.6.1 Nm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.6.2 MR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.7 遺傳距離與地理距離之相關性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 6.族群內部配對不均. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 6.1 異型合子不足. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 6.2 無效對偶基因頻率. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.微隨體DNA在不同小家鼠亞種內之比較. . . . . . . . . . 44 8.兩種突變模式的評估. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 肆、討論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1. 單一純品系小鼠微隨體DNA之多型性. . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2. 利用微隨體DNA進行族群遺傳研究前之考量. . . . . . . . 46 3. 族群內的異型合子不足. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.1 族群內無效對偶基因的發現. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2 族群內近親交配. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.3 族群合併效應. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.壽豐族群內隨機交配的現象. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5.族群分化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5.1 各族群內特有對偶基因少. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.2 關西和新埔. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5.3 金門與台灣西部族群. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6.遺傳距離和地理距離之相關. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7.台灣本島和金門島野生小家鼠族群量的差異. . . . . . . . 61 8.琉球小家鼠之多型性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 9.小家鼠亞種內和亞種間之分化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10.微隨體DNA對偶基因的判讀. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.以微隨體DNA應用於族群遺傳研究之問題. . . . . . . . . 66 11.1 基因座異速演化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.2 同源性(identical-by-descent)及同態性(identical-in-state) 67 11.3 微隨體DNA的突變模式. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11.4 微隨體DNA的演化. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 伍、參考資料. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 表. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 圖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 附錄一. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 附錄二. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 台灣小家鼠的族群分化與基因交流-微隨體DNA之應用 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Genetic structure and gene flow of populations of the house mice (Mus musculus castaneus) in Taiwan: evidence from microsatellite DNA markers | en |
dc.date.schoolyear | 86-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.relation.page | 108 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 動物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物學研究所 |
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