臺北市空中孢粉之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在瞭解臺北市空中孢粉相之季節變化情形，研究期間為1993年1月14日至1994年12月31日。兩年內所收集之孢粉總計有154個分類群，包括被子植物121屬、裸子植物5屬和蕨類植物28屬。孢粉量最多的是構樹屬花粉，佔全部孢粉量之31.3％，其次依序為山黃麻屬、重陽木屬、野桐屬、鬼桫欏屬、桑屬、梣屬及禾本科孢粉等。1993年有兩個主要花季，第一花季高峰出現在三月份，第二花季高峰則出現於九月份，其中最優勢之花粉各為構樹屬及野桐屬花粉。1994年二月份之高降雨量使第一花季高峰延遲至四月份才出現，但仍以構樹屬花粉為最優勢，該年七月份後六個颱風陸續過境所帶來之豪雨，使其第二花季並不明顯。雖然雨量能影響各類花粉之飛散數量，而使其主要花期之出現時間改變，但其對於孢粉之飛散時段卻影響不大。多數孢粉之出現時段為上午3時至10時。一至六月份皆以樹種花粉佔優勢，花粉量佔全部孢粉量之82.1％，蕨類孢子則佔全部孢粉量之7.5％，且其優勢性出現在七月份，十一月份以非樹種花粉佔優勢，只佔全部孢粉量之7.7％。孢粉源多為臺北市行道樹及臺北盆地原生樹種植物，但也有來自較遠地區之高山植物，甚至出現少數蟲媒花粉。典型風媒植物之構樹每個花藥中含167,206顆花粉，水柳之花粉為兼性花粉，其每個花藥含花粉5,167顆，而典型蟲媒植物之芒果每個花藥中僅含861顆花粉。本研究完成了1993年和1994年臺北市區的孢粉曆，期能提供花粉過敏症研究者參考。

An investigation on airborne pollen and spores during January 14, 1993 to December 31, 1994 in Taipei City revealed 154 different pollen taxa, including 121 genera of agiospermous pollen grains, 5 genera of gymnospermous pollen grains and 28 genera of fern spores, with Broussonetia, Trema, Bischofia, Mallotus, Alsophila, Morus, Fraxius and Gramineae as the most frequent taxa. Broussonetia alone constituted 31.3% of the total seasonal sum. In 1993, two quantitative peaks of pollen grains appeared in March and in September. The dominant pollen taxa during two peaks were Broussonetia and Mallotus, respectively. The heavy rain in February 1994 postponed the pollen peak to April, but Broussonetia was still the most frequent taxon. After July 1994, six typhoon brought the heavy precipitation to northern Taiwan, so that no definite peak appeared in that time. Heavy rain might has a wash out effect on the concentration of airborne pollen grains, so that the timing of quantitative peaks were different in two studied years. But it did not affect the diurnal variation in the quantity of airborne pollen. The highest concentrations of the majority of pollen grains were from 03:00 to 10:00. Arboreal pollen (AP), non-arboreal pollen (NAP) and fern spores constituted 82.1%, 7.7%and 7.5%of the total seasonal sum, respectively. AP dominated from January to June, NAP in November and fern spores in July. Native species in Taipei Basin and trees of urban roadsides were the common sources of airborne pollen, but long-distance transported pollen from high moutains occurred sometimes. Little entomophilous pollen grains were collected. The average number of pollen grains in each anther of Broussonetia papyrifera (anemophilous), Salix warburgii (amphiphilous) and Mangifera indica (entomophilous) were 167206, 5167 and 861, respectively. The pollen calendar of Taipei City was submitted.