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標題: | 烏來楠櫧林維管束著生植物組成及分佈因數之研究 Composition and Relative Distribution Factors of the Vascular Epiphytes in Wulai Machilus-Castanopsis Forest |
作者: | Su-Ching Chang 張素卿 |
出版年 : | 1993 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 在台灣北部烏來瀑布上游,海拔約 950公尺之楠櫧林白校欑一紅楠型,糊樗一紅楠亞型內設立一面積1.05公頃的樣區。共畫分為105個10x10公尺的小區,調查區內所有維管束著生植物的種類、分佈之垂直層次和方位以及數量。結果共發現 52 種維管束著生植物,2.308個單位株數,分佈在 459棵宿主上。依 Benzing的分類方式,則計有12種偶發性著生植物 ( accidental epiphytes )、 5 種機能性著生植物 (facultative epiphytes )、 2 種次級半著生植物 ( secondary hemi-epiphytes )及 33 種真正著生性植物(truly epiphytes)。[V]值最高的前五個種類皆屬於蕨類植物; FIV 值以水龍骨科最高,其次為蘭科。 著生植物的分佈受宿主之種類、胸高直徑、垂直層次及著生方位所影響。樣區內五種優勢宿主中,以長葉木薑子的著生比率最高,枯木的著生比率最低:而平均株數最高者為烏來柯,最低者為白校欑。利用卡方測驗檢定著生植物與宿主之關係,發現正關聯性達到0.05以上顯著水準者有 38 對;負關聯性有 7 對 。 各樹種卡方值總和最高者為紅楠,其他依次為長葉木薑子、烏來柯、烏皮茶及白校欑等。就著生植物對宿主之專一性與選擇性而言,樹皮本身之物理及化學性質影響著生植物對宿主之選擇。 胸高直徑愈大,種數和株數也愈多。偶發性著生植物較常出現在大徑級的宿主上。大部分著生植物生長在特定的 DBH 範圍,由此可推測其演替之先後。 著生植物種數在 A 層最多,而 E 層出現最少;蕨類植物種數則由 A 層向樹冠之 E 層遞減 ;而蘭花則有依次遞增之現象。 著生植物的單位株數依垂直層次明顯遞減。大部分的著生植物皆各自具有明顯且狹窄的分佈層次。著生方位則與樣區相同坡向之東、南兩向之著生植物比例最高。 利用列表比較法中之二維指示種分析( TWINSPAN , two-way indicator species analysis )及卡方關聯分析區別著生植物的分佈類型,共分為五群;分群的主要決定因數為胸高直徑( DBH )與垂直層次兩項。而著生植物的分佈類型與其適應性有關。 In a 1.05 ha. sample plot of Castanopsis-Machilus forest at 950m elevation in the upper Wulai Fails of northern Taiwan, a total of 52 species and 2308 stands of vascular epiphytes on phorophytes was found. After Benzing classification, there were 12 accidental epophytes, 5 facultative epiphytes, 2 secondary hemiepiphytes and 33 truly epiphytes in the study area. The distribution of vascular epiphytes depended on the species, DBH, vertical level and aspects of the phorophytes. Among the first five donimant phorophytes, Listea acuminata were most frequently settled; solitary dead trees were the least. Limlia uraiana had the largest amount of dwellers, and Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis had the smallest. By Chi-square test, there are 38 positive association pairs and 7 negative association pairs at 95% level. The larger DBH of phorophytes was, the more species and stands of epiphytes were found. The accidental epiphytes were found on the trees with larger DBH. Most of epiphytes distributed at a certain range of DBH. The small trunks of Machilus thunbergii and Litsea acuminata had more epiphytes than Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis and Limith uraiana. The largest amount of species was on level A, and the smallest was on level E. Orchids species increased from level A to E; however, ferns species were getting poorly represented. The stands of epiphytes were getting poor from level A to level E. Most epiphytes had a narrow vertical distribution. The largest amount of epiphtes was found on the eastern and southern aspects of phorophytes. Base on tabular arrangement of TWLNSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis) and interspecific association, the vascular epiphytes could be classified into 5 groups depending on the vertical levels and DBH of phorophytes. The distribution patterns of epiphytes was related to adaptation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76014 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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