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標題: | 台灣北部樂培山區暖溫帶雨林之植?結構與組成 Structure and composition of the warm-temperate rain forset of Lopei Mountain,North Taiwan |
作者: | 徐月美 |
出版年 : | 1991 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 中文摘要 本研究區位於台灣東北部,臺北市西南方21公里的臺北縣三峽鎮與烏來鄉交界的滿月圓山至樂培山間,為暖溫帶雨林,海拔從五百公尺至一千四百公尺。依海拔變化及地形位置而設立樣區,分五區段,每區設20 × 20平方公尺樣區四個,共計0.8公頃。每樣區均記錄樹種的胸徑及高度,地被植物則記錄種類及覆蓋度。對於木質藤本記錄其攀爬方式、攀爬高度、胸高徑;支持者的種類、胸徑與高度。以瞭解植?的結構、組成於不同海拔及地理位置上之差異,並也對特殊生活型的木質藤本進行研究。 研究區的森林為鬱閉的森林,並沒有突顯的樹幹,樹冠層高度在8?13公尺之間,樹木之分層不明顯,地被覆蓋度多在60%以上。共記錄337種維管束植物,其中蕨類88種,裸子植物3種,雙子葉植物199種及單子葉植物47種。落葉樹種占5%,藤本植物占11%。優勢樹種有紅楠、錐果礫、毽子裯、山紅柿及長葉木薑子等,密度以紅花八角最高,有871株/公頃,而錐果樑、紅楠、大明橘及小葉赤楠也都高於350株/公頃,平均每公頃7775株。樹幹底面積以紅楠5.98平方公尺/公頃最高,平均每公頃39.18平方公尺。歧異度指數分別為:Shannon-Wiene指數2.99、Simpson指數0.08及均一度指0.82。 分析結果顯示,倒樹主要由風所造成,其形成的林隙小。倒樹與土壤厚度有關,而與坡度、坡向無關。降趨對應分析結果顯示,海拔是影響植草分佈的最主要因素。但各植?之歧異度、樹幹底面積、密度並不隨海拔而呈現類似之變化趨向。而地形位置、土壤厚度等微環境因數則與植草結構較相關。 對木質藤本所做的研究,共記錄176株胸徑大於一公分的木質藤本,有26種,其中之11種可攀爬到樹冠層。藤本攀爬的範圍可以很廣,依觀察記錄最高有七株支持者被一株藤本同時攀爬,平均為1.7株。支持者最多可有三株本質藤木攀爬。木質藤本的密度於山頂的藤本密度比山脊或山腰低,而並不一定隨海拔增高而降低。所攀爬的樹種並無特殊的專一性,少數樹種如青楓被攀爬的的比例較高。 Abstract The area surveyed for this study is located at the Northeastern Taiwan, 21 km southwest of the Taipei city between Full-Moon mountain and Lopei mountain in the Taipei county. The vegetation was classified as warm-temperate rain forest. The elevation ranged from 500m to 1400m in the study site. Five sites were chosed according to the elevation and topography .Within each site four duplicate plots, each 20×20m in size, were established plots so the total study area was 0.8 hectare. In each plot, the plant species , diameter of breadth height(dbh)and height of each individual plant were recorded. For ground cover plants, only the species and their coverage were recorded. For lianas, the climbing pattern, climbing height and dbh were recorded. In addition, the height and dbh of the supporters were recorded. The purpose of this study is to understand the community structure, composition and the unique life form of lianas in this area. The forest in the study site exhibits a closed canopy at a height of 8-13 m and does not have emergent trees. There is no distinct stratification between trees ,and the area covered by ground plants is greater than 60%. A total of 337 species of vascular plants have been recorded. Of these 337 species, 88 are pteridophytes, 3 are gymnosperms, 199 are dicotyledons and 47 are monocotyledonaes. Decidious tree species and lianas contributed 5% and 11% of the total species, respectively. The dominant species present in this forest are Persea thunbergii, Cyclobalanopsis longinux, C. acuta var. paucidentata, Diospyros morrisiana and Litsea acuminata. Illicum arborescence has the highest density among all the species , Cyclobalanopsis longinux, Myrsine seguinii and Syzgium buxifolium also exhidit very high density. The overall density is 7775 individuals per hectare. Persea thunbergii has the highest basal area among all the species and the total basal area is 39.18 m/ha. The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Equitibiity index of the study site are 2.99, 0.08 and 0.82, respectively. The result shows that the tree fall caused by wind disturbance only produced small gaps.The tree fall is related to the depth of the soil instead of the slope and aspect of the sites. Elevation is the most important factor that affects the distribution of the vegetation. Bowever, diversity, total basal area and density of each group do not correlate with the change of the elevation. Moreover, depth of soil , topography and other microclimatic factors is more related to the structure of this plant community. For lianas, 176 individuals in 26 species with dbh greater than 1 cm were recorded. Among them 11 species were able to climb up to the canopy. The lianas had a wide range of supporter and could climb a long distance. There was one liana that could climb simulaneously on seven supporters. The average number is 1.7 supporters per liana. Usually one supporter only has one liana climbing on it. There is one case that one supporter has 3 lianas on it. The density of lianas are affected by several factors. For example, the density of lianas on the mountain top is lower than that on the ridge or slope. But the density of lianas does not necessarily increase with the elevation. Lianas show no specificity for the supporters. Some supporting species (ex. Acer serrulatuxm ), however, do have a higher climbing rate than the others. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75872 |
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