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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.author | 雷惠民 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-01T08:14:34Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-07-01T08:14:34Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 1988 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75672 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 蝦育幼系統密集的養殖方式會因為高營養飼料的殘餌及蝦苗的代謝物而造成底質及水質的惡化,同時對蝦苗可能造成不良的影響。草蝦整個的養成過程,其發展的趨勢將走向分段化,例如:若以二段式養殖,則是育幼期及養成期。然而目前對於必須以幾段式來養殖以及在那個階段來分段最為適合則仍未有定論。這是因為對育幼系統生態環境的變化的瞭解尚不透徹。針對這點本研究的目的在於找出底質的老化與放養密度對草蝦育幼系統的影響。 試驗設計係以 3×4 複因數組合成12個處理;3個草蝦後期幼苗的放養密度:72 、108 、144 尾/平方公尺 × 4 種污泥含量的底質:0、33 、66 、100 %。每一處理含 2 重複,共使用24個水族缸。共計蓄養了54天。試驗期間,定期採水及底質樣品,分析其化學性質及底質的氧化還原電位(Eh)。同時也量取蝦苗的成長、活存,以期找出在不同處理下:水、底質,及生物間的相互關係。 結果顯示:草蝦苗的成長主要受蓄養密度影響,受底質處理的影響則較小。在蓄養密度為72尾/平方公尺時,其草蝦苗的成長最好,在蓄養密度為108、144 尾/平方公尺時,二者草蝦苗的成長則無顯著差異。草蝦苗之活存只受蓄養密度影響,在蓄養密度為 144 尾/平方公尺時其草蝦苗之活存最差,蓄養密度在72 、108 尾/平方公尺時,二者之活存則無差異。 在蓄養過程中,水質、底質化學的主要有害成分如氨、亞硝酸、硫化物,大多有慚進蓄積之現象,尤以水質部分之蓄積現象更為明顯。然而在本實驗末期於污泥含量100﹪及蓄養密度為144尾/平方公尺之處理組合時,其表土之累積平均Eh為-177.3mv ,氨、亞硝酸、硫化物之平均濃度則分別為每百克乾土含782.7μg 、 13.6μg 、 148 .6 mg,而水中上述三種鹽類之累積平均濃度則分別為 365.0 、114.8 、16.4μg / l ,均未直接造成草蝦苗之死亡。因此底質在本實驗過程中尚未老化至極度惡化(極端還原態)的程度,此乃底質因投餌所造成之有機負載有限的緣故,所以在分段養殖系統中,此段育幼期似可再延長。另一方面,因蓄養密度與有機負載、生物有害代泄物成正比而直接影響水質及蝦苗之成長,應是育幼期主要考慮的因素之一。本實驗亦顯示Eh與底質中的多數成分及草蝦苗之成長、活存有顯著相關性,此點與過去學者以 Eh 作為底質老化程度及底質對養殖生物影響的一種半定量性指標的建議相符合。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T08:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1988 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要……………………………………………I 目錄……………………………………………IV 第一章緒言……………………… 1 第二章材料與方法 ……………………… 4 2 . 1 實驗設計 ………………………4 2 . 2 養殖系統的設置 ……………………5 2 . 2 . 1 實驗缸的設置 ………………………5 2 . 2 . 2 蝦苗蓄養過程與情況………………………6 2 . 3 生物測定……………………………7 2 . 3 . 1 成長率………………………7 2 . 3 . 2 死亡率 ………………………8 2 . 4 化學測定項目……………………… 9 2 . 4 . 1 採樣方法………………………9 2 . 4 . 2 化學測定項目………………………9 2 . 4 . 2 . 1 水質測定的方法………………………10 2 . 4 . 2 . 2 底質測定的方法………………………12 2 . 5 資枓分析………………………15 2 . 5 . 1 生物資料…………………………16 2 . 5 . 2 化學資料……………………………………….16 2 . 5 . 3 生物資料與化學資料之關係……………………… 16 2 . 5 . 4 水質與底質的互相關係 ……………………………..16 第三章結果……………………… 18 3 . 1 蓄養密度與底質處理對草蝦苗成長與活存之影響……………18 3 . 1 . 1 蓄養密度與底質處理對草蝦幼苗成長之影響………………… 18 3 , 1 . 2 蓄養密度與底質處理對草蝦苗活存之影響…………………19 3 . 1 . 3 草蝦苗成長、活存之關係……………………………20 3 . 1 . 4 結論 ………………………………… 21 3 . 2 蓄養密度與底質處理對水、表土及底土化學之影響 ……………………21 3 . 2 . 1 Eh……………………… 21 3 . 2 . 2 pH……………………… 22 3 . 2 . 3 氨族( Nitrogen species ) ……………………… 24 3 . 2 . 3 . 1 總氮量( Total Nitrogen , T-H )…………24 3 , 2 . 3 . 2 有機氮( organic Nitrogen ) …………………25 3 . 2 . 3 . 3 氨一氮( Ammonia Nitrogen ) ………………………26 3 . 2 . 3 . 4 亞硝酸氮( Nitrite-N )………………………29 3 . 2 . 3 . 5 硝酸氮( Nitrite-N )……………………… 31 3 . 2 . 3 . 6 可溶性無機氮( Dissolvible Inorganic Nitrogen , DIH )………………………33 3 . 2 . 4 磷族( Phosphorus species )……………………… 35 3 . 2 . 4 . 1 磷酸( Phosophate-P ) ………………………35 3 . 2 . 4 . 2 總磷( Total phosphorus )………… 37 3 . 2 . 5 有機氮( Oganic carbon )………………………39 3 . 2 . 6 硫化物( Sulfide ) …………………40 3 . 2 . 7 濁度( Turbidity ) ……………….. 41 3 . 2 . 8 氮磷比( Nltrogen Phosphorous ratio ) ……………… 42 3 . 2 . 9 有機碳氮比( organic-carbon Nitrogen ratio )…………43 3 . 2 . 10 強熱減量( Total volatile solid ) …………………………………44 3 , 2 . 11 結論……………………… 45 3 . 3 水、表土、底土各層次內各化學成分之相關性 … … 47 3 . 4 水、表土、底土各層次之間化學成分的相關性 … … 48 3 . 4 . 1 水中與表土中各離子濃度變化之相關性 … … 49 3 . 4 . 2 表土與底土中各離子濃度變化之相關性 … … 49 3 . 4 . 3 水中與底土中各離子濃度變化之相關性 … ….49 3 . 5 草蝦苗之成長、活存與水、表土、底土化學成分之相關性………………………49 3 . 5 . 1 草蝦苗之成長與水、表土、底土化學成分之相關性………………………49 3 . 5 . 2 草蝦苗之活存與水、表土、底土化學成分之相關性………………………50 第四章討論……………………… 51 4 . 1 養殖系統底質的特性………………………51 4 . 1 . 1 覆水土壤性質……………………… 51 4 . 1 . 2 養殖系統底質與農藝覆水土壤的差異 … … 52 4 . 2 蓄養密度與底質處理對水、表土及底土化學之影響…… 52 4 . 2 . 1 Eh ………………………………………53 4 . 2 . 2 pH …………………………………………54 4 . 2 . 3 氮族……………………54 4 , 2 . 4 磷族……………………………………57 4 . 2 , 5 有機氮、化學需氣量、強熱減量 …………………………57 4 . 2 . 6 硫……………………… 58 4 . 2 . 7 氮磷比與有機氮碳比………………………58 4 . 3 草蝦苗成長、活存與水質、底質動態之關係…………………………… 59 第五章結論 …………………………… 62 參考文獻………………………………………………63 附圖……………………………………………………72 附表……………………………………………………75 附錄……………………………………………………145 謝辭……………………………………………………230 簡歷……………………………………………………231 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 老化底質與放養密度對草蝦(Penacus monodon)育幼系統之影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Effects of Aged Sediment and Stocking Densities on Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) Nursery System | en |
dc.date.schoolyear | 76-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.relation.page | 238 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 漁業科學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 漁業科學研究所 |
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