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標題: | 溪頭孟宗竹及其地被植物內生菌根之初步調查 The Probiminary Studies on the Endomycorrhizae of Bamboo Forest (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) at ehi-tou |
作者: | 吳繼光 |
出版年 : | 1983 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 一、在本實驗中,主要的研究重點在於調查溪頭孟宗竹林的內生菌根,及其根域中,內生菌科的種類;並就根外菌絲的形態來研究單邊角突起的形成過程,與VAMF感染根部的前□變化。 二、在孟宗竹林內所調查的34種植物中,有28種受到VA的感染,其中,以前被認?是不易形成VAM的植物,如:蕁痲科及□科在本調查中卻發現仍有VAM的形成;尤其是屬於蕁痲科中的糯米團,在其根部外皮層組織細胞內,發現有Acaulospora trappei Ames & Linderman.的孢子及其孢母泡囊存在。孟宗竹的根部雖未發現有VA的感染;但仍有內生根菌的合成。孟宗竹的內生根菌,其菌絲具有隔板,可能是屬於擔子菌網或囊子菌網。 三、地被植物根域中的內生菌科經調查後,共計14種:*acaulaepera foveata Trappe & ganea ; a. laerio gerdemann & Trappe ; a. scrobiculata. Trappe; a. trappei ameo. & Linderman ; *Entrophospera infrequens (Hall) Ames & Schneider ; gigaepora gigantea (nicol. & gerd.) gerdemann & Trappe; *glomuo caledoniuo (nicol.& gerd.) Trappe.& gerdemonn; g. etunicatus. Becker and gerdemann; g. Fasciculatu (Thaxter sensu. Gerdeinann) gerdemann & Trappe; *g. multicaulis gerd. & Bakshi var Formisensis Wu & Chem;*Sclerocystis coremioides Berk & Broome; *S. pakistanica Iqbal & Budra; S. rubiformis gerdemann & Trappe; *S. rubiformis gerd. & Trappe. var. Formosensis Wu. & Chen.。以及可疑未定名者,六種:acauloepera sp-1 ; a. sp-2; a. sp-3; Complexipes-like() ; glomuo sp-1; Modisella sp-1; 在上述的二十種中。 有兩種其形態與原種的特徵略有顯著差異,並分別定名:glenuco multicaulio var farmasenario ; ideracyetio ulifermio var farmoeencio;此外,有7種為新紀錄種(有星號者) 四、單邊角突起的形成過程: 當根外菌絲初形成時,在靠近菌絲分叉處的底部,就經常有隔板的形成。由於菌絲壁逐層加厚,因此,在隔板?的厚度,亦隨之增加。當隔板上方的薄壁菌絲,因細胞質消失而萎縮脫落後便在凸起的隔板上留下痕跡。這痕跡在稍後會因?外壁剝落而消失。平滑的單邊角凸起便因此而形成。 五、VAMF感染根部的前緣變化: 當VAMF的繁殖體發芽後,其薄壁無雙形性分化的菌絲可能:①自根毛穿入。②自根毛意外的表皮細胞上形成吸盤後,穿入。③在表皮層外,不遠?形成爪狀分叉□穿入。④形成津貼在根部表面的附著菌絲,然後分枝穿入。 當菌絲穿入且感染一段時日後,使會再從皮層中延伸出來。此時的菌絲具有雙形性的分化,並在其上形成根外囊及土生孢子。 1. The objectives of this thesis are in the investigation of endomycorrhizae and Endogonaceous fungi in the bamboo forest (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) of Chi-tou area, Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University at Nantou prefecture. Additionally, the process of formation of unilateral projection appeared on the external mycelial was studied, and the changes between mycelial morphologies in the VA mycorrhizae after infection were also investigated. 2. Among the 34 species of plants in the bamboo forest, 28 were found to be infected with VA; there were no previous records of VA infections in the Urtiaceae and Polygonaceae, however, most of them were discovered first to have been heavily infected. Particularly, the spores and spore-forming vesicles of A. trappei Ames & Lindermann were found in the outer cortex of Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. Although the roots of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel were non-VA mycorrhizal, the endotrophic mycorrhizae were still formed, by the septate mycelia. The associate fungi, therefore , did not belong to Endogonaceae and may be Basidiomycetous or Ascomycetous fungi. 3. In this investigation, 20 species of Endogonaceae were recovered, namely, Acaulospora foveata Trappe & Janos*; A. laevis Gerd. & Trappe; A. scrobiculata Trappe; A. trappei Ames & Lindermann; A. sp.-l; A. sp.-2;.A. sp.-3; Complexipes-like spore; Entrophospora infrequens (Hall) Ames & Schneider; Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe; Glomus caledonius (Nicol. & Gerd.) * Trappe and Gerdemann*; G. etunicatus Becker and Gerdemann; G. fasciculatu (Thaxter sensu Gerdeinann) Gerdemann & Trappe; G. multicaulis Gerd. & Bakshi var. formiosensis Wu & Chen*; G. sp.-1; Modicella sp.-1; Sclerocystis coremioides Berk & Broome*; S. pakistanica Iqbal & Bushra*; S. rubiformis Gerdemann & Trappe; S. rubiformis Gerd. & Trappe var. formosensis Wu & Chen*. Among them, 7 were new records from Taiwan (with * mark), and 2 new varieties were also proposed. 4. The process of formation of lateral projection: During the proliferation of external mycelium, septa are usually formed near the bottom of its branches. The thickness of the septal partion increases following the gradual increase of laminate wall thickness of main hyphae. The thin-walled mycelium above the septum, eventually collapsed, leaves a scar upon the projected septum. This scar will disappear, as the disintegration of its outer layer, and result unilateral projection in the main hyphae. 5. The changes in the mycelial morphology after infection of VA mycorrhizae: As the propagules of VA mycorrhizal fungi germinate, its thin-walled, non-differentiated mycelia will probably penetrate into roots by 3 ways, namely, (1) through root hairs. (2) forming an appresorium on the epidermal cells. (3) forming adhesive mycelium upon the root surface. After penetration and infection progressed for some period, the mycelium will extend through the cortex into the rhizosphere. By this moment, the mycelium are differentiated and bearing external vesicles and chlamydo-spores. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75472 |
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