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標題: | 台灣地區珊瑚礁魚類之群聚構造、種類鑑定及初期生活史之研究 Study on community structure, species identification and early life history of coral reef fishes in Taiwan |
作者: | 楚涵 |
出版年 : | 2002 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 仔稚魚的種類組成、時空分佈、生活史以及生態的研究,在魚類資源保育上相當重要。然而,珊瑚礁魚類的初期生活史及生態之研究,卻極為欠缺。本研究係於2001年2月至2002年3月,分別在台灣北部基隆市的野柳,宜蘭縣的粉鳥林,以及南部屏東縣墾丁等珊瑚礁區不同的測站,以燈光誘捕器(Light trap)採集仔稚魚,來瞭解珊瑚礁魚類種類組成之時空變化及其初期生活史。 研究期間共計採獲仔稚魚樣本8470尾,鑑定出71科179個分類單元(taxa)。種類方面以?虎科、三鰭?科、雀鯛科、天竺鯛科與辛德勒?科為最多。北部地區於春季時其數量、種數及歧異度均達到最高;南部地區的數量呈現多?型,種數與歧異度則於九月達到最高峰。蘇澳的歧異度最高,其次是墾丁與野柳。多變值統計分析結果顯示仔稚魚的種類組成與離岸遠近及季節有關,相同月份不同地區之間其組成則沒有明顯的分群現象。 本研究進一步利用DNA定序法及序列比對法來鑑別天竺鯛科仔稚魚之種類。根據12S rRNA片段序列將天竺鯛24種類型中的9種類型(OTU)與45種成魚相同片段之比對結果,共鑑定出八種。並且以長棘天竺鯛(Apogon doryssa)為例,利用其耳石日周輪數與寬度變化所提供之訊息,配合環境因數,來探討其初期生活史與入添機制。 長棘天竺鯛仔魚樣本的體長範圍為8.7-15.2 mm (n=68),平均日齡為23.7±3.7天(n=53)。體成長率與耳石的日成長率均有由北往南遞增的趨勢。野柳地區之個體,其體成長有遲滯的情形。耳石成長的速度下降現象,推測仔魚已進入漂浮期尾聲。由採樣日與日齡回推之孵化日有南早北晚之地理傾斜現象。成長率、日齡的地區間變異與水溫的南北差異有關。 The studies in species composition and life history are essential in the fish resources management and conservation. However, these studies are lacking in the coral reef fishes in the adjacent waters of Taiwan. To understand the species composition, distribution pattern and early life history of the coral reef fishes, specimens were collected with light traps in Yehliu, Suao and Kenting in Taiwan from Feb. 2001 through Mar. 2002. A total of 8470 larvae and juveniles representing 71 families, and 179 species were identified with both morphology and mtDNA sequencing. Gobiidae, Tripterygiidae, Pomacentridae, Apogonidae and Schindleriidae were the most dominant families in the collection. The abundances, species richness and diversities of larval and juvenile fishes were correlated with offshore distance, season and were significantly different between northern and southern Taiwan. The abundance reached a peak in April in the north, but fluctuated in the south. The species richness and diversity reached the highest in April in the north but in September in the south. Value of diversity index was higher at Kenting than that at Yehliu and Suao. Eight species of larval apogonids were identified by both morphological classification and the sequence of mtDNA 12S rRNA with the comparison of the sequence of 45 adults of known species. Among the 8 species, Apogon doryssa was used as a model to study the early life history and recruitment dynamics of apogonids. Hatching date and growth history of the larval Apogon doryssa were estimated from otolith daily growth increments and collecting date. And the environment factors in relation to their early life history and recruitment mechanism were analyzed. The total length of Apogon doryssa ranged from 8.7-15.2 mm (n = 68) with mean daily age of 23.7 ± 3.7 days (n=53). Somatic and otolith growth rates increased from northern through southern Taiwan. Somatic growth of the larvae from Yehliu was abnormal, which was revealed from the uncoupling between otolith and somatic growth. The otolith growth rate of the larval Apogon doryssa was slow down at late pelagic larval stage, indicating that the larvae have fully grown and prepared to be juvenile stage and settle down. Hatching dates and growth rates of the larvae were earlier and faster in the south than north which may be due to the water temperature was higher in north than south in Taiwan. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75414 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物學研究所 |
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