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標題: | 南臺灣南仁山低地雨林短期植物物候調查與樹冠葉片結構、壽命和動態變化之研究 The structural traits, life span and dynamics of leaves of tree crowns and short-term phonological survey in a lowland rain forest of Nanjenshan in southern Taiwan. |
作者: | Chen-Min Chen 陳振銘 |
關鍵字: | 葉片壽命,比葉面積,葉片動態,颱風,樹冠層,林隙。, leaf life span,specific leaf area,leaf dynamics,typhoon,canopy,gap, |
出版年 : | 2003 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究於南仁山0.64ha溪穀樣區,對樣區內各樹冠高度層次之優勢木本植物進行取樣,共計45種,178株,進行短期植物物候調查。由2002年2月至2003年5月,每兩週觀察一次,共計15個月。記錄樣株之芽、葉、花、果各階段表現的百分量級,再針對物候觀察物種中的22種計41株,做葉片動態調查與葉片結構特徵測定。分別取樣株樹冠上下數層的枝條,繪圖計數該枝條的葉片總量和新增與減少量,並量測取樣葉片之厚度、含水率和比葉面積等結構特徵,藉以瞭解不同樹冠高度下的葉片特徵之變化。共計調查99個枝條、4961個葉片單位。 物候調查發現本樣區長新葉的高峰期在三月及四月,其次為九月及十月次;開花的表現高峰在四月及五月;六月到十二月為結果期。花期常伴隨在長新葉之後或同步發生。同物種不同植株之物候表現大體一致。同一植株樹冠上下層的物候表現略有差異,但無整體趨勢。在調查的21個受傷枝條中,有12個傷害發生原因直接或間接與強風幹擾有關,夏季颱風是造成植物枝條傷害的主要因素。 森林不同冠層高度之葉片呈現出不同動態表現,越接近樹冠上層的枝條其葉片總量年變化越高,但達樹冠層的枝條會因風折導致葉片總量變化下降。上層葉片有較高的新增與死亡率,整體替換速率較快,葉片壽命也較短。上層葉片的含水率及比葉面積比下層葉片為低、但厚度較大。 本研究也發現物種耐蔭性越高,其葉片壽命越長,而葉片壽命越長者,其底面積年增加量越少。葉片壽命結果顯示,在22種取樣物種中以交力坪鐵色葉片壽命最長,可達238週;蟲屎最短,僅19週。52%取樣物種的葉片壽命低於一年,26%取樣物種的葉片壽命在兩年前後。先驅物種、林隙特徵種以及落葉樹種葉片壽命偏低,皆在一年以下。以樹冠分層而言,冠層優勢物種的葉片壽命有小於次冠層和灌木層優勢物種的趨勢。將本樣區各物種葉片壽命的頻度分佈情形與其他生態系比較,其表現接近低緯度地區之巴拿馬BCI的熱帶濕潤森林。 Phenological characteristics of 45 dominant tree species (178 individuals) with various heights have been studied in 0.64-ha creek plot of a lowland rain forest in Nanjenshan, southern Taiwan (22°10'N latitude and 120°55'E longitude, altitudes between 196 and 230m), from February 2002 to May 2003. The leaf drop, leaf flushing, flower and fruit development of tree species were examined every two weeks. Leaf dynamics of tree crowns for 22 tree species (41 individuals) of various heights were studied by observation at 4 week interval. Two or tree branch-units from the upper and the lower part of the crown were chosen each sample tree. Production rates and loss rates of leaves were measured, and leaf life span was determined as half-lives, furthermore, the leaf structure traits (including thickness of leaf, contents of water and specific leaf area) were measured for 99 branch-units and 4961 leaf-units. Majority of the species exhibit the peak of leaf flushing from March to April in the beginning or simultaneity of flowering (April-May) and the sub-peak of leaf flushing from September to October. The period of fruiting occurred from June to December. Phenological behaviors are similar intraspecificly but have variation between upper and lower branches individually in some species. Typhoon (storm in summer) with strong winds is a main cause of branch-injured to trees of overstory layer. We compared leaf dynamics and structure between upper and lower parts of the crown and its relation to height. Leaf increase rate was faster in the upper crowns of most trees. Faster rates of turnover, leaf loss and leaf production and shorter leaf life spans were associated with increasing height. Specific leaf area and contents of water decrease and thickness of leaf increase in the upper canopy. Leaf life span was associated positively with shade-tolerance and negatively with photosynthetic rate and basal area gross production. We compared leaf life span with different tree species. Leaf life span of 52% tree species is shorter than 1 year. Leaf life span of 26% tree species is about 2 years. Among 22 species of sampling tree, Drypetes karapinensis has the longest leaf life span (about 238 weeks), and Melanolepis multiglandulosa has the shortest one (about 19 weeks). The species with shorter leaf life span (< 1 year) are pioneers and gap-filling species. Leaf life span of deciduous trees are shorter than evergreen trees. Leaf life span of dominant tree species in canopy are shorter than in sub-canopy and shrub layers. The patterns of species of leaf life span in 0.64-ha plot of Nanjenshan correspond to the tropic wet forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75405 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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