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標題: | 薹灣?精草屬之分類研究 A Taxon Study on Genus Eriocaulon L.in Taiwan |
作者: | Huan-Yu Chen 陳奐宇 |
關鍵字: | 台灣,穀精草屬,分類學, Taiwan,Eriocaulon,Taxonomy, |
出版年 : | 2001 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 穀精草屬(Eriocaulon L.)為一泛熱帶分佈之分類群,溫帶地區亦產有數種。主要分佈於亞洲、非洲,部份產於美洲、歐洲。為穀精草科(Eriocaulaceae)之第一大屬,全世界約120種。本科之花部細微、複雜不易觀察,且形態多變化,造成分類上的困難。本論文採傳統之形態分類研究法,將各種之器官相比較,配合種子、花粉之掃描式電子顯微鏡之影像,彙整研究。種子之表皮細胞為四或六角形,表面光滑或具微粒凸起。細胞壁通常極薄,有的種類極厚,其上附屬物之形態與存在與否為極佳的分類依據。花粉粒球形,表面具棘狀與顆粒狀凸起。萌發溝為螺旋狀。葉的氣孔主為平行型,輔助細胞的形狀多少有些不同,可資區別點較少。花部形態為最適宜的特徵,尤其花萼數量、合生或離生,為重要的分群依據。最後將台灣產之種類處理為E. buergerianum、E. chishingsanensis、E. cinereum、E. odashimai、E. nantoense、E. nepalense、E. sexangulare、E. truncatum八種。E. alpestre和E. luzulifolium僅見於名錄,列為疑問種。另就各種之平面與垂直分佈和生育地作探討。結果顯示主要分佈於北部800公尺以下之水田、廢耕水田、滲水坡地、沙質河岸、平地與山地池沼。基質多為黏土、紅壤土,偶見於砂質土、泥炭蘚上。為喜好弦光與酸性基質之溼地先鋒植物。在台灣已知最高產於海拔1300公尺之菘蘿湖。在台灣,北部區域為瞭解較為透徹之區域,其他區域資料缺乏,有待補充。缺乏與東亞同屬植物問之比較,確切關係須進一步確認。 The family Eriocaulaceae Desv. is a pantropically distributed taxon. A few species are founded in temprate regions. It'5 said there are 13 genus and ca, 1200 species in the world. Most of the members of the family are distributed in Asia, Africa, Central and Southen America, also in northen America and Europe. The genus Eriocaulon L. is the largest one in the family, about 120 species have been knowen. It is diffical to distinguish them, because of their tinny and complex structure of flowers. Some unstable characters of the morphology also confuse those who study in it. In this thesis, traditional morphology method was used. Ultrastructure of seeds and pollen grains was studied also by Scanning Electron Microscpe (SEM). I conclud that there are 8 species, E. buergerianum, E. chishingsanensis, E. cinereum, E. odashimai, E. nantoense, E. nepalense, E. sexangulare, E. truncatum, in Taiwan. E alpestre and E. luzulaefolium, only showen in list, are treated as uncertain species. The cells of the seed coat are tetra-or hexangular, surfaces are smooth or verrucosus. Cell wall of the seed are usually quite thin for most species, but one is quit thick. Appendages on the wall are quit important. Seed coat is a quite useful character for taxonomic study on the genus• Pollen grains are spherical, with spinuloses and granuloses on the surface. Spiraperturat is the only type for them. Some species with perforate through exin. Paracytic type is the only type for the stomata of the genus. There are less differences on subsidiary cell between the species. Characters from flowers are always important, especially sepals. Recent investigation show that plants of the genus Eriocaulon in Taiwan are mainly distributed under 800m, hightest to 1300m in altitude in northen region. They grown in marsh, rice pad, seeping soil slope, sandy river bank. Their substrate included clay soil, red loam soil, sandy soil, peat bog, Sphagnum spp.is also one of them. High light and low pH value substrate are the most suitable condition for them to subsist. In Taiwan, the northen region is known thoroughly, others, supplements are needed. Without comparing to members of the genus from other countries in East Asia, relationships between some species can, t be told. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75175 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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