飼料中脂質含量,必需脂肪酸及大豆卵磷對九孔幼貝成長影響之研究

Abstract

九孔因陸上深水立體式養殖技術的開發成功，促成九孔產量快速成長，也常造成九孔的主食龍鬚菜的供應不足，因此，開發人工配合飼料是迫切需要，藉以提昇九孔的養殖效果，本研究目的在於探討九孔飼料中脂質需求、必需脂肪酸種類與大豆卵磷脂的需求，其能對九孔飼料的開發有助益。 研究分為三部分。第一章以白魚粉及大豆粉做為飼料蛋白質來源，利用大豆油及鯉魚肝油3:2比例的混合油，以無添加、添加1.5％、3.0％與4.5％共四組進行成長試驗以探討九孔的脂質需求量。第二章以脫脂酪蛋白做為飼料蛋白質來源，以不添加油脂、僅添加18:ln-9、各添加1%18:2n-6、0.5%18:3n-3及1%18:2n-6+0.5%18:3n-3的純品脂肪酸與5％大豆油及鰭魚肝油（3:2）共6組進行成長試驗以探討九孔的必需脂肪酸。第三章以脫脂酪蛋白做為飼料蛋白質來源，以不添加油脂、僅添加18:ln-9、各添加1％、3％與5％大豆卵磷脂（SBL)與5％大豆油及鰭魚肝油（3:2）共6組進行成長試驗以探討九孔的大豆卵磷脂需求。各實驗結果如下： 第一章結果顯示，飼料中多添加3％油脂使油脂含量達7.8%，飼養40天後，九孔有較佳的成長效果，以broken -1ifle分析飼料中脂質最適含量在6.4%，添加過量脂質會降低成長。 第二章結果顯示，飼料中添加1.7%18:2n－6使?n-9/18：2n-6+20:4n-6比值在2以下，0.5%18:3n-3使 ?n-9/18：3n-3比值在8以下，必需脂肪酸的添加可能就足夠，九孔對於必需脂酸的需求，以18:2n-6較為重要，需求量約為1.7％。 第三章結果顯示，飼料添加3%SBL，飼養56天後，九孔有較佳的成長效果，以broken-line分析飼料中SBL最適含量在2.2％。

The successful of polylayer culture of Taiwanese abalone (Haliotis diversicolor) has produced rapidly, so the major diets of Gracillaria has not enough in the future. Therefore, developing artificial diets to solute this problem is the top urgeni. This study is conducted to the effects of dietary lipid levels, essential fatty acids and soybean lecithin levels on the growth of Taiwanese abalone. The experiment was performed in three parts. In chapter one, the main sources of protein of experimental diets were white fish meal and soybean meal which were supplemented with the combined lipids of fish oil and soybean oil (3:2) to clarify the dietary lipid levels of the abalone. In chapter two, the main sources of protein of experimental diets was casein which were supplemented with pure 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 to clarify essential fatty acids of the abalone. In chapter three, the main sources of protein of experimental diets was casein which was conducted to determine the optimal soybean lecithin levels of the abalone. The results are shown below: In chapter one the best percent weight gain was obtained in the abalone fed with the diet containing 7.8％lipid. When the diet containing 9.2％ lipid decreased percent weight gain. The optimal dietary lipid level is 6.4％determined by a broken-line method. In chapter two, the essential fatty acids requirements of the abalone were about 1.7％18:2n-6 and 0.5%18:3n-3 in the diet which were the ratios of ?n-9/18：2n-6+ 20:4n-6 and ?n-9/18:3n-3 less than 2 and 8 respectively. In chapter three, the best percent weight gain was obtained in the abalone fed with the diet containing 3% soybean lecithin. The optimal dietary soybean lecithin level is 2.2% determined by a broken-line method.