台灣?綱孔蕈科(BOLETACEAE,S.L)之研究

Abstract

自民國68年進行網孔蕈科(Boletaceae)在台灣之分佈調查，並對各種蕈類之菌根寄生，人工培養等方面加以初步之研究，自台灣之針葉樹林及中海拔之混交林中採集之網孔蕈十屬十九種，除台灣已記銀錄者三種外，其餘包括世界新種及新亞種各一，台灣之新記錄種十四種,計有：Boletinus pictus (Peck) Peck, Boletus luridus Shaeff ex Fries, Boletus queletii Schuizer, Gastroboletus scabrosus Mazzer & Smith, Gyroporus castaneus (Fr.) Quelet, Leccnum holopus var. holopus (Rostkovius ) Watling, Leccinum rugosiceps (Peck) Singer, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres, Suillus grevillei (Klotzsch)Singer Suillus punctipes (Peck) Singer, Suillus subalutaceus( Smith & Thiers) Smith & Thiers, Suillus subaureus (Peck) Snell in Slipp & Snell, Tylopilus viren(Chieu) Hongo, Xerocomus chrysenteron (Fries) Quelet 。世界新紀錄者計有新種Boletus taiwanenis Yeh & Chen sp nov，新亞種 Xerocomus parvulus var, formosanas Yeh & Chen。 就生態而言，分佈於寒帶針葉林中的有：Boletus queletii, Bo1etus taiwanensis；溫事針葉樹林的有:Sui11us bovinus, Suillus grevillei, Suillus punctipes, Suillus subaureus; 暖溫帶針?葉混交林的有：Gastroboletus scabrosus, Boletinus pictus, Leccinum holopus var. holopus, Suillus subalutaceus, Tylopilus viren, Strobilomyces floccopus, Xerocomus chrysenteron, Xerocomus subtomentosus, Xerocomus parvulus var. formosanas;中海拔?葉林的有: Boletus luridus, Gyroporus castaneus, Leccinum rugosiceps, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus。 十九種綱孔蕈都經過人工培養試驗，其中Bo1etus luridus, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, Suillus bovinus, Suillus grevillei, Xerocomus parvulus var. formosanas可以在培養基中生長。

A systematic survey on Formosan Boletaceae of Agar-icales has been carried out since 1979. The investigation include a preliminary study of ecology mainly their possible mycorrhizal association and a cultural indentification. Nineteen species distributed into ten genera were collected from alpine and temperate forests of this land. Excluding three species previously reported from Taiwan, forteen species are new records, in addition, one species and one variety are treated here as new to science. The new records are: Boletinus pictus (Peck Peck; Boletus luridus Shaeff. ex Fries; Boletus queletii Schuizer; Gastroboletus scabrosus Mazzer Smith; Gyroporus castaneus (Fr.) Quelet; Leccinum holopus var. holopus (Rostkovius) Watling; Leccinurn rugosiceps (Peck) Singer. Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres; Suillus subalutaceus (Smith & Thiers) Smith & Thiers; Suillus grevillei (Klotzsch) Singer; Suillus punctipes (Peck) Singer; Suillus subaureus (Peck) Snell in Slipp & Snell; Tylopilus viren (Chieu) Hongo; Xerocomus chrysenteron (Fries) Quelet. New species in Boletus taiwanensis Yeh & Chen sp nov. and a new variety is Xerocomus parvulus Hongo formosanas Yeh & Chen. Ecological speaking, Boletus queletll and Boletus taiwanersis are mainly distributed in alpine conifer forest Suillus bovinus, Suillus grevillei, Suillus punctipes, Suillus subaureus are in temperate conifer forest; Boletinus pictus, Gastroboletus scabrosus, Leccinum holopus var. holopus, Suillus subalutaceus, Tylopilus viren, Strobilomyces floccopus, Xerocomus chrysenteron, Xerocomus subtomentosus, Xerocomus parvulus Hongo var. formosanas are in warm-temperate mixed forest; and Boletus luridus, Gyroporus castaneus, Leccinum ruegosiceps Ph1loporus, rhodoxanthus are in warm deciduous forest. For the cultural study of nineteen species of Boletes from Taiwan, only five species, i. e., Boletus luridus, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, Suillus bovinus, Suillus grevillei, Xerocomus parvulus var. formosanas are successful and their cultural characteristics and morphology are described.