柴山台灣獼猴成年雌猴的親緣、階級與社會行為

Abstract

?瞭解台灣獼猴成年雌猴間的社會行為是否受階級及親緣關係的影響，本實驗觀察柴山地區台灣獼猴成年雌猴的社會行為，並以低傷害性的採樣方法，採集其毛髮作為萃取DNA的樣本，利用跨種篩選出的11組Microsatellite引子，作為分析個體間親緣關係的遺傳指標。利用這項分子技術可成功的鑑定出親子關係，但因無法排除父系遺傳的幹擾，故不能明確的區分母系關係。依個體間所表現的社會行為及其親緣關係顯示，親子間具有最高的親近行為（affiliative behavior）。去除近親造成的行為影響後，不同階級群的個體表現不同的社會行為。高階群內的個體具有最緊密的社會聯結（social bonding）；低階個體多與階內個體互相親近，或散佈於社群邊緣，與群內個體社會互動少；中階個體行為表現變異較大，無明顯趨勢。

To understand how kinship and dominance rank affect female Formosan monkey (Macaca cyclopis) social behavior, we observed 12 adult females' social behavior and use low-invasive sampling method to plug monkey's hair as DNA source for genetic analysis. In this study, we screened 11 cross-species microsatellite primer sets and applied those genotypes to calculate dyadic relatedness. Using this molecular technology we can identify mother-offspring pairs successfully, but we can't tell matrilineal relationship exactly. According to monkeys' social behavior and their kinship, we found mother-offspring pairs show more affiliative behavior than others. After excluding close-kin, individuals from different rank group performed different social behavior. High-ranking individuals maintain cohesive social bonds; low-ranking individuals affiliate with partner in their same rank group or stay in the group edge, rarely interact with group members; middle-ranking individuals show variable behavior, they don't have significant behavior trend.