政黨立場與政策資訊對民眾政策偏好的影響

Abstract

本文探討政黨的政策立場與政策相關資訊對民眾的政策偏好的影響。為了測試過去相關文獻對此問題提出的三個理論，本文以網路問卷的形式詢問民眾對一項政策的支持與否。這項政策是為了增進機車騎士的行車安全而實施，且與政黨的意識形態無關。本實驗中被分配到不同組別的受試者接收到的訊息會在兩項資訊上不同:1.受試者會收到一則資訊提到馬英九或蔡英文為本項政策發布時的執政者，或是沒有提到任何政治人物與此政策相關。2.有一半的受試者會收到本政策在國外的成功實施經驗，另一半則無。在本次實驗中，我們有三個主要的結果:1.當訊息提到馬英九為政策發布者時，馬英九的支持者對政策的支持度會大於當訊息提到蔡英文為政策發布者時，馬英九的支持者對政策的支持度。2.若提供本政策在國外的成功實施經驗，受試者不會受到政策發布者的影響。3.不支持且不反對馬英九或蔡英文的受試者在收到國外成功實施經驗後，提升的政策支持度最大，且會更認同此政策可以提升機車騎士的行車安全。

We studied the influence of partisan cues on citizens’ policy preferences and the effects of policy-relevant information. To test three hypotheses proposed by previous studies, we conducted an online survey experiment that collected respondents’ attitudes toward a nonpartisan policy intended to enhance traffic safety. The experiment followed a two-layer design. In the first layer, respondents received information in which Ma Ying-Jeou, Tsai Ing-wen or no one was the policy maker. In the second layer, half of the respondents received information about a successful foreign implementation experience. We identified three main findings. First, Ma Ying-Jeou supporters were more likely to support the policy if the policy was issued by Ma than by Tsai. Second, party cues had no effect when policy-related information was provided. Third, respondents who were neutral toward Ma Ying-Jeou or Tsai Ing-Wen were more likely to support the policy when they were presented with a successful implementation experience from Japan and the European Union. Furthermore, respondents were more likely to support the policy because they were more likely to agree that the policy could increase scooter riders’ safety.