澎湖開發風能的實踐困境：比較丹麥珊索島邁向能源轉型的新治理

Abstract

本研究旨在於透過社會科技想像論述與策略性利基管理（後稱SNM）等二個社會科技分析途徑，來探討建置澎湖低碳島計畫在大型風機及部分需求端項目未達標之主因，並試圖對該困境提出解方。此外，本研究選定了同為發展島嶼低碳轉型的國際案例：丹麥珊索島（Samsø, Denmark）做為比較分析的對象。該島已於2005年達成全島能源自主的目標，相當適合做為澎湖發展低碳轉型的他山之石。 在分析的內容與成果上，本研究先透過社會科技想像論述的視角，分析出澎湖及丹麥珊索島二者的轉型想像皆為對經濟效益的改善，但後者較以民眾本位出發。至於二者的想像在執行成果上的差異，則採用SNM途徑的三項內部程序分析。首先，澎湖在期待的傳達與形塑上，較缺乏積極性與延續性。其次，澎湖在各類行動者的合作上較常出現鑲嵌性不足或裂隙。最後，澎湖採用了缺乏與社會脈絡理想互動，較為線性、技術官僚體制下的單迴圈學習模式。同時，在轉型想像的構框（framing）未有效成形的情況下，也致使澎湖的各項轉型程序都不順利。 對此，本研究建議採用近期SNM學者所主張的中介者與支援者的概念來做為處方。在中介者功能上，其能夠為其他行動者創造參與決策的空間與機會，並有效聯繫各類行動者。在支援者功能上，其可持續對在地強力傳遞鮮明的轉型想像。故本研究建議澎湖可以依照此主張，組成地區專案小組來作為中介者與支援者，強化行動者網絡、倡導轉型想像，並消弭既存爭議。

The main target of this thesis is about to analyze and examine the causes of the failure of “Penghu Low Carbon Island Project” from the large wind turbine and other demand side part. The two main sociotechnical approaches in this thesis are: the sociotechnical imaginaries, and strategic niche management (SNM). Also, this thesis has chosen an international case as an object of comparison: Samsø, Denmark. This island has achieved the goal for energy self-sufficiency since 2005, which is an ideal model for the low carbon transition of Penghu. About the contents and results of analysis, this thesis has figured out that improving the economic condition are the main sociotechnical imaginaries of both islands. However, the imaginaries of Samsø have concerned more about the life condition from citizens. After that, this thesis has used the concept of the three internal process of SNM approach to analyze and compare the two islands’ differences about building the imaginaries. First, the Penghu county government hasn’t maintained its activeness too long for the voicing and shaping of expectations. Second, the relation of the transformative actors from Penghu’s case often seems unstable. Third, the transition process of Penghu has still taken the traditional, instrumental single-loop learning as the main learning method, which lacks of the ideal interactions with the social context. For dealing with these dilemmas of Penghu’s case, this thesis suggests using the concepts of intermediaries and champions which proposed by the recent SNM studies. As intermediaries, they can created spaces and decision-making opportunities for every actors, and they can also effectively reinforce the relationships between each kind of actors. As champions, they can strongly spread and build the transition imaginaries to the local citizens. Therefore, this thesis suggests that the Penghu county government should establish the project groups as intermediaries and champions, for enhancing the relation between actors and building the strong imaginaries to the local society, etc.