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標題: | 選擇歷史為基注意力攫取的限制 The Limits of Selection History-based Attentional Capture |
作者: | Xiao Yu 余瀟 |
指導教授: | 葉怡玉 |
關鍵字: | 選擇歷史,注意力攫取,注意力選擇, selection history,attentional capture,selective attention, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 選擇歷史被視為影響選擇注意力的重要因素。然而,針對選擇歷史是否能導致過往目標刺激在與當下作業無關的情況下攫取注意力目前仍未有定論。Sha與Jiang(2016)的結果表明訓練階段的選擇歷史會在測試階段造成注意力攫取,但Anderson與Halpern(2017)卻得到相反的實驗結果。本研究採用Anderson、Laurent、及Yantis(2011a)訓練階段-測試階段這一實驗範式,檢驗選擇歷史造成注意力攫取的關鍵因素,釐清選擇歷史為基對注意力產生影響的脈絡。參與者在訓練階段需搜尋以紅色或綠色定義的目標,並對目標內的線段方向進行判斷。在測試階段則需搜尋以獨特形狀定義的目標並對其內的線段方向進行判斷,干擾物分別為紅色或綠色刺激(無效情境)或其他顏色刺激(中性情境)。若無效情境的反應時間慢於中性情境,表明選擇歷史造成了注意力攫取。為了釐清顏色在選擇時的有效性是否是造成選擇歷史為基注意力攫取的原因,實驗一搜尋目標為水平或垂直的線段,目標固定出現在紅色或綠色圓圈內。干擾物內的線段均為傾斜方向,使選擇可依據線段方向而無須根據顏色。結果並未發現選擇歷史為基的注意力攫取效果。實驗二中訓練與測試階段裡的目標與干擾物的線段方向均為水平或垂直。參與者在訓練階段必須搜尋紅色或綠色的圓圈,並對目標內的線段方向做判斷。結果發現選擇歷史為基的注意力攫取效果。實驗三除了在測試階段裡將干擾物內線段改為傾斜方向之外,其餘與實驗二興相同。結果同樣發現注意力攫取效果。實驗四的訓練階段與實驗三一致但操弄測試階段紅色或綠色圓圈內的線段方向,分為水平或垂直(物體無效情境)及傾斜方向(顏色無效情境)。兩種無效情境均與中性情境下的平均反應時間差異均達顯著,且顏色無效情境與物體無效情境下的注意力攫取效果無顯著差異。實驗結果顯示訓練階段通過顏色選擇時,才會在測試階段產生注意力攫取效果, 且攫取以顏色屬性為基。在可以通過其他特徵,如線段方向選擇時,顏色在測試階段不會產生選擇歷史為基的注意力攫取效果。 Selection history plays an important role in selective attention, along with top-down behavioral goal and bottom-up stimulus salience. Yet, whether selection history of target selection can capture attention when the previous target becomes task-irrelevant distractor is unclear. Sha and Jiang (2016) showed attentional capture effect driven by selection history, whereas Anderson and Halpern (2017) did not. This study adopts the training-testing methodology of Anderson, Laurent, and Yantis (2011a)’s study to investigate the influences of selection history on attention and the boundary condition for this capture effect. In the training phase, targets were defined by red or green circles and participants were required to judge the orientation of the bar inside it. In the testing phase, targets were defined by a unique shape. In the invalid condition, red or green served as distractor’s color whereas in the neutral condition they did not appear. To test the effectiveness of color when selecting, in Experiment 1, participants were required to search for the bars either horizontally or vertically oriented within colored circles. The bars contained in the distractors were all tilted. Although the targets always occurred in red or green circle, color did not capture attention in the test phase. In Experiment 2, all the bars contained in the stimulus were either horizontal or vertical. Participants were required to search for a red or green circle and determine the orientations of the bars contained in the circle. The results showed selection history-based attention capture in the condition. The method in Experiment 3 was similar with the titled bars inside of the distractor during the testing phase. Results showed history-based attentional capture. Experiment 4’s training phase was the same as Experiment 3 in which color had high effectiveness. In the testing phase, the orientation of the bars contained in the red or green circles were vertical or horizontal (object invalid condition), tilted (color invalid condition). In the neutral condition, the bars contained in circles of another color were vertical or horizontal. The findings showed selection-history attentional capture. Moreover, performance in the object-invalid condition comparable with that in the color-invalid condition. Taken together, the results suggest that color must be adopted in selecting a target during the training phase to produce selection-history attention capture in the test phase and the capture is color-based. When selection could be achieved by other features such as orientation, color could not produce history-based capture in the test phase. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74622 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201901655 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 心理學系 |
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