澳門特殊學習需要學生家長的親職壓力、親職效能、社會支持及生活品質的探討

Abstract

近年澳門有特殊學習需要的學生越來越多，社會主要集中資源於融合教育或訓練治療上，容易忽略家長的親職壓力及生活品質同樣影響教養的品質，以兒童利益作為最大的依歸，找出當中的保護因子是非常重要的。有鑑於此，本研究使用量化方法，以檢測社會支持與親職效能與親職壓力的關係，期待了解現在澳門教養有特殊學習需要學生的家長壓力現況，辨別影響其親職壓力的社會因素，並根據研究結果對未來服務的實務上、政策上及研究上提出建議。 本研究採用量化典範，以立意抽樣的策略，透過澳門不同社福機構及學校派發332份問卷，其中納入統計分析的回收後有效問卷為166份，研究結果顯示，在澳門的社會脈絡中沒有工作、社經地位為中下、其子女在學前階段的母親的生活品質最低。在階層迴歸分析的結果中，在控制社會變項後，社會支持與親職效能均能有效預測有特殊學習需要學生的家長親職壓力對生活品質的影響，即當家長獲得的社會支持越多，親職效能越高，其親職壓力感受就越低，其生活品質越高。此外，在相互作用的檢測中，社會支持是有效調節親職壓力對生活品質，其作用力顯著，即社會支持能有效緩衝親職壓力對生活品質的影響。

Nowadays, special education needs have a dramatic increase. Most of Resource is in the education system and training special education needs student. Their parent is lack of resource to reduce parent-stress and promote the quality of life. Also parent-stress and the qualities of life can affect the quality of parental. Overall, in order to the best interests of the child, which is a primary consideration in all decision-making, finding the protective factor is extremely important in Macao. Therefore, the strategies for buffering parental stress affect the quality of life is to strengthen parental efficacy and social support. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the interaction effect among parent-stress, parental-efficacy, social support and the quality of life. A quantitative approach to data collecting was used to examine the relations among parental-stress, parental-efficacy, social support and the quality of life. This study sampling parents were purposively sampled from welfare agencies and schools, and other sources through structured questionnaire survey. One hundred and sixty-six valid questionnaires were collected. It is shown that mothers who are low Socioeconomic Status, having no job, having a special education needs preschooler’s TQL(the quality of life) is lowest . However, when controlled for their SES(Socioeconomic Status), gender, kid’s educational stage, social support and parental efficacy could buffer their parenting stress effect the quality of life. This study examines the interaction effect among parent-stress, parental-efficacy, social support and the quality of life. Result indicated that social support could reduce the effect between parenting stress and the quality of life. It means that social support could buffer parenting stress’ effectiveness to the quality of life. Implications for practice, policy and study are included.