請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74180
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 邱振源 | |
dc.contributor.author | Yu-Ting Hsiao | en |
dc.contributor.author | 蕭佑亭 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T08:23:12Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-27 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2019-08-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2019-08-13 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Abraham K, Gürtler R, Berg K, Heinemeyer G, Lampen A, Appel KE. Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food. Molecular nutrition & food research 2011;55:667-678.
Ahmed MU, FRYE EB, Degenhardt TP, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine, a product of the chemical modification of proteins by methylglyoxal, increases with age in human lens proteins. Biochemical Journal 1997;324:565-570. Amarya S, Singh K, Sabharwal M. Changes during aging and their association with malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics 2015;6:78-84. Anwar T, Khosla S, Ramakrishna G. Increased expression of SIRT2 is a novel marker of cellular senescence and is dependent on wild type p53 status. Cell Cycle 2016;15:1883-1897. Barzilai N, Huffman DM, Muzumdar RH, Bartke A. The critical role of metabolic pathways in aging. Diabetes 2012;61:1315-1322. Basu S, Yoffe P, Hills N, Lustig RH. The relationship of sugar to population-level diabetes prevalence: an econometric analysis of repeated cross-sectional data. PloS one 2013;8:e57873. Bekaert S, De Meyer T, Rietzschel ER, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer D, Langlois M, Segers P, Cooman L, Van Damme P, Cassiman P. Telomere length and cardiovascular risk factors in a middle‐aged population free of overt cardiovascular disease. Aging cell 2007;6:639-647. Bhardwaj A, Das S. SIRT6 deacetylates PKM2 to suppress its nuclear localization and oncogenic functions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2016;113:E538-E547. Branchet MC, Boisnic S, Frances C, Robert AM. Skin Thickness Changes in Normal Aging Skin. Gerontology 1990;36:28-35. Brohem CA, da Silva Cardeal LB, Tiago M, Soengas MS, de Moraes Barros SB, Maria‐Engler SS. Artificial skin in perspective: concepts and applications. Pigment cell & melanoma research 2011;24:35-50. Chan P, Hills G, Kissling G, Nyska A. Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of 4-methylimidazole in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Archives of toxicology 2008;82:45-53. Chaudhuri J, Bains Y, Guha S, Kahn A, Hall D, Bose N, Gugliucci A, Kapahi P. The role of advanced glycation end products in aging and metabolic diseases: bridging association and causality. Cell metabolism 2018;28:337-352. Cole MA, Quan T, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. Extracellular matrix regulation of fibroblast function: redefining our perspective on skin aging. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 2018;12:35-43. Coppé J-P, Patil CK, Rodier F, Sun Y, Muñoz DP, Goldstein J, Nelson PS, Desprez P-Y, Campisi J. Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumor suppressor. PLoS biology 2008;6:e301. Cunha SC, Senra L, Cruz R, Casal S, Fernandes JO. 4-Methylimidazole in soluble coffee and coffee substitutes. Food control 2016;63:15-20. Farage M, Miller K, Elsner P, Maibach H. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2008;30:87-95. Food Chemicals Codex. Caramel, 2016;tenth ed. U.S. Pharmacopecia. Fournet M, Bonté F, Desmoulière A. Glycation damage: A possible hub for major pathophysiological disorders and aging. Aging and disease 2018;9:880. Gelse K, Pöschl E, Aigner T. Collagens--structure, function, and biosynthesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;55(12):1531-46. Gkogkolou P, Bohm M. Advanced glycation end products: Key players in skin aging? Dermatoendocrinol 2012;4:259-270. Goova MT, Li J, Kislinger T, Qu W, Lu Y, Bucciarelli LG, Nowygrod S, Wolf BM, Caliste X, Yan SF. Blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end-products restores effective wound healing in diabetic mice. The American journal of pathology 2001;159:513-525. Han K-H, Choi H-R, Won C-H, Chung J-H, Cho K-H, Eun H-C, Kim K-H. Alteration of the TGF-β/SMAD pathway in intrinsically and UV-induced skin aging. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2005;126:560-567. Harman D. Aging and disease: extending functional life span. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1996;786:321-336. Helfrich YR, Sachs DL, Voorhees JJ. Overview of skin aging and photoaging. Dermatology Nursing 2008;20:177. Hwang IS, Kim JE, Choi SI, Lee HR, Lee YJ, Jang MJ, Son HJ, Lee HS, Oh CH, Kim BH, Lee SH, Hwang DY. UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice is effectively prevented by oral intake of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit blend for 6 weeks through MMP suppression and increase of SOD activity. Int J Mol Med. 2012;30(2):392-400. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1011. IARC: 4-methylimidazole, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, some chemical present in industrial and consumer products. In Foods Drink, vol. water 101; 2013. Ikarashi N, Kon R, Kaneko M, Mizukami N, Kusunoki Y, Sugiyama K. Relationship between aging-related skin dryness and aquaporins. International journal of molecular sciences 2017;18:1559. Inagaki Y, Okazaki I. Emerging insights into Transforming growth factor beta Smad signal in hepatic fibrogenesis. Gut 2007;56:284-292. Iscaro A, Mackay IR, O'Brien C. Lymphopenic effects on mice of a component of ammonia caramel, 2‐acetyl‐4 (5)‐tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI). Immunology and cell biology 1988;66:395-402. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2011b. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Caramel Colours. Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specification, Monograph 11. Kammeyer A, Luiten RM. Oxidation events and skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015;21:16-29. Kamuf W, Nixon A, Parker O, Barnum G, Willamson D. Overview of caramel colors. Cereal foods world 2003;48:64-69. Kim CS, Park S, Kim J. The role of glycation in the pathogenesis of aging and its prevention through herbal products and physical exercise. Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry 2017;21:55-61. Krutmann J, Bouloc A, Sore G, Bernard BA, Passeron T. The skin aging exposome. Journal of dermatological science 2017;85:152-161. Kwon Y, Kim J, Lee CY, Kim H. Expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 varies according to age in mice. Anatomy & cell biology 2015;48:54-61. Kyng KJ, May A, Kølvraa S, Bohr VA. Gene expression profiling in Werner syndrome closely resembles that of normal aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2003;100:12259-12264. Lavker R. Cutaneous aging: chronologic versus photoaging. Photodamage 1995:123-135. Lenaz G, D’Aurelio M, Pich MM, Genova M, Ventura B, Bovina C, Formiggini G, Castelli GP. Mitochondrial bioenergetics in aging. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics 2000;1459:397-404. Leslie W, Hankey C. Aging, Nutritional Status and Health. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 2015;3:648-658. Levi B, Werman MJ. Long-term fructose consumption accelerates glycation and several age-related variables in male rats. The Journal of nutrition 1998;128:1442-1449. Li Y, Wei X, Zhou J, Wei L. The age-related changes in cartilage and osteoarthritis. BioMed research international 2013;2013:916530-916530. López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013;153:1194-1217. Luebberding S, Krueger N, Kerscher M. Age‐related changes in skin barrier function–Quantitative evaluation of 150 female subjects. International journal of cosmetic science 2013;35:183-190. Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD. Public health: The toxic truth about sugar. Nature 2012;482:27. Masaki H, Yamashita Y, Kyotani D, Honda T, Takano K, Tamura T, Mizutani T, Okano Y. Correlations between skin hydration parameters and corneocyte‐derived parameters to characterize skin conditions. Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2019;18:308-314. Mehri F, Faizi M, Salimi A, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of 4-methylimidazole on isolated brain mitochondria: using both in vivo and in vitro methods. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2015;97:663-673. Metcalfe AD, Ferguson MW. Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2006;4:413-437. Metcalfe AD, Ferguson MWJ. Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 2007;4:413-437. Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan. 2017 Taiwan Health and Welfare Report. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, 2018. Available at https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-137-40301-2.html. Accessed May 2019. Mitchell JR, Wood E, Collins K. A telomerase component is defective in the human disease dyskeratosis congenita. Nature 1999;402:551. Mottier P, Mujahid C, Tarres A, Bessaire T, Stadler RH. Process-induced formation of imidazoles in selected foods. Food chemistry 2017;228:381-387. Münch G, Thome J, Foley P, Schinzel R, Riederer P. Advanced glycation endproducts in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Brain research reviews 1997;23:134-143. Myers DV, Howell JC. Characterization and specifications of caramel colours: An overview. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1992;30:359-363. Nakagawa T, Guarente L. Sirtuins at a glance. Journal of Cell Science 2011;124:833. National Toxicology Program (NTP). NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (CAS No. 67-47-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series 2010:7. National Toxicology Program (NTP). Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 4-methylimidazole (Cas No. 822-36-6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series 2007:1. Nelson G, Wordsworth J, Wang C, Jurk D, Lawless C, Martin‐Ruiz C, von Zglinicki T. A senescent cell bystander effect: senescence‐induced senescence. Aging cell 2012;11:345-349. Nelson PT, Head E, Schmitt FA, Davis PR, Neltner JH, Jicha GA, Abner EL, Smith CD, Van Eldik LJ, Kryscio RJ. Alzheimer’s disease is not “brain aging”: neuropathological, genetic, and epidemiological human studies. Acta neuropathologica 2011;121:571-587. Nin JW, Jorsal A, Ferreira I, Schalkwijk CG, Prins MH, Parving H-H, Tarnow L, Rossing P, Stehouwer CD. Higher Plasma Levels of Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:442. Ortman JM, Velkoff VA, Hogan H An aging nation: the older population in the United States. United States Census Bureau, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Department of Commerce. 2014:25-1140. Ott C, Jacobs K, Haucke E, Santos AN, Grune T, Simm A. Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling. Redox biology 2014;2:411-429. Park YJ, Kim JY, Lee DY, Zhang X, Bazarsad S, Chung W-Y, Kim J. PKM2 enhances cancer invasion via ETS-1-dependent induction of matrix metalloproteinase in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. PloS one 2019;14:e0216661-e0216661. Ph JKMAB, Gabrielle D. The Skin Aging Exposome. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013;35:224-232. Pittayapruek P, Meephansan J, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17. Poulsen MW, Hedegaard RV, Andersen JM, de Courten B, Bügel S, Nielsen J, Skibsted LH, Dragsted LO. Advanced glycation endproducts in food and their effects on health. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2013;60:10-37. Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJS, Morison WL, Sauder DN. Photoaging: Mechanisms and repair. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2006;55:1-19. Reddy S, Bichler J, Wells-Knecht KJ, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. N. epsilon.-(Carboxymethyl) lysine is a dominant advanced glycation end product (AGE) antigen in tissue proteins. Biochemistry 1995;34:10872-10878. Rekha B, Velmurugan G, Freddy AJ, Anusha S, Ramprasath T, Karthik KV, Suresh S, Kulshrestha P, Mithieux G, Lyon AR. Chronic intake of 4-Methylimidazole induces Hyperinsulinemia and Hypoglycaemia via Pancreatic Beta Cell Hyperplasia and Glucose Dyshomeostasis. Scientific reports 2018;8:17037. Rinnerthaler M, Bischof J, Streubel MK, Trost A, Richter K. Oxidative stress in aging human skin. Biomolecules 2015;5:545-589. Rittié L, Fisher GJ. Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 2015;5:a015370-a015370. Rittié L, Fisher GJ. UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging. Ageing Research Reviews 2002;1:705-720. Roskos KV, Guy RH. Assessment of skin barrier function using transepidermal water loss: effect of age. Pharmaceutical research 1989;6:949-953. Ross SM. Sugar-induced aging: the deleterious effects of excess dietary sugar intake. Holistic nursing practice 2015;29:114-116. Ruan L, Zhang X, Li R. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular determinants of aging. Journal of Cell Science 2018;131:jcs210831. Sengar G, Sharma HK. Food caramels: a review. J Food Sci Technol 2014;51:1686-1696. Smith TJ, Wolfson JA, Jiao D, Crupain MJ, Rangan U, Sapkota A, Bleich SN, Nachman KE. Caramel color in soft drinks and exposure to 4-methylimidazole: a quantitative risk assessment. PLoS One 2015;10:e0118138. Swann G. The skin is the body's largest organ. Journal of visual communication in medicine 2010;33:148. Tasselli L, Zheng W, Chua KF. SIRT6: Novel Mechanisms and Links to Aging and Disease. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 2017;28:168-185. Tsai JN, Sun CY, Ding YJ, Wang YH, Lo KC, Wen CC, Lin JW, Chang CF, Hsu LS, Chen HM. Embryonic exposure to 4‐methylimidazole leads to zebrafish myofibril misalignment. Environmental toxicology 2018;33:1321-1328. Varani J, Schuger L, Dame MK, Leonard C, Fligiel SE, Kang S, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ. Reduced fibroblast interaction with intact collagen as a mechanism for depressed collagen synthesis in photodamaged skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004;122:1471-1479. Verbeke P, Perichon M, Borot–Laloi C, Schaeverbeke J, Bakala H. Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts in the rat nephron: link with circulating AGEs during aging. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 1997;45:1059-1068. Vlassara H. Advanced glycation in health and disease: role of the modern environment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2005;1043:452-460. Vollmuth TA. Caramel color safety - An update. Food Chem Toxicol 2018;111:578-596. Wang AS, Dreesen O. Biomarkers of Cellular Senescence and Skin Aging. Frontiers in genetics 2018;9:247-247. West RK, Moshier E, Lubitz I, Schmeidler J, Godbold J, Cai W, Uribarri J, Vlassara H, Silverman JM, Beeri MS. Dietary advanced glycation end products are associated with decline in memory in young elderly. Mechanisms of ageing and development 2014;140:10-12. Wong N, Ojo D, Yan J, Tang D. PKM2 contributes to cancer metabolism. Cancer Letters 2015;356:184-191. Yadav T, Mishra S, Das S, Aggarwal S, Rani V. Anticedants and natural prevention of environmental toxicants induced accelerated aging of skin. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2015;39:384-391. Yamaguchi H, Masuda T. Determination of 4 (5)-methylimidazole in soy sauce and other foods by LC-MS/MS after solid-phase extraction. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2011;59:9770-9775. Yamane T, Kobayashi-Hattori K, Oishi Y, Takita T. High-fat diet reduces levels of type I tropocollagen and hyaluronan in rat skin. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2010;54:S53-S61. Yang P, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu H, Li Z. Secreted pyruvate kinase M2 facilitates cell migration via PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colon cancer cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2015;459:327-332. Yoshikawa S, Fujiwara M. Determination of 4 (5)-methylimidazole in food by thin layer chromatography. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 1981;22:189-196_181. Zhang S, Dong Z, Peng Z, Lu F. Anti-aging effect of adipose-derived stem cells in a mouse model of skin aging induced by D-galactose. PLoS One 2014;9:e97573. Zhang S, Duan E. Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside. Cell transplantation 2018;27:729-738. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74180 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 近年許多研究證實皮膚老化與許多慢性疾病具有密切之關連。皮膚老化可經由內源性與外源性因子調控;此外,食物與食品添加物亦可影響皮膚老化進程。焦糖色素為常用於食品產業中著色用途之食品添加物,其製程中生成的4-甲基咪唑(4-methylimidazole, 4-MEI),可能對人體健康造成影響,如:癌症。然而,目前對於4-MEI是否影響皮膚老化進程仍待釐清。因此,本篇研究欲探討4-MEI於皮膚老化之影響及作用機制。本研究模式分為體外細胞試驗與動物實驗,評估4-MEI對於皮膚老化相關蛋白表現量與皮膚表徵的影響。實驗結果顯示,人類真皮纖維母細胞株Hs68,經4-MEI處理後,隨劑量與時間增加,老化相關半乳醣苷酶(senescence-associated beta-galactosidase)表現上升,基質金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) 中MMP2與MMP9蛋白表現量顯著增加,第四型膠原蛋白表現量顯著下降,而Sirtuin6 (SIRT6)蛋白表現量顯著降低,此外,大量表現SIRT6可回復4-MEI造成之半乳醣苷酶活性上升以及老化相關蛋白(MMP2, MMP9與TIMP1)表現等現象。接續探討4-MEI對於動物體內皮膚老化現象,本研究選用Balb/c無毛鼷鼠,每日以頸背部皮下單次注射1 g/kg body weight (b.w.) D-半乳糖 (D-galactose, D-gal),連續給予八週誘導老化;第五週開始每日單次管餵80 mg/kg b.w. 4-MEI,連續給予四週後再將動物犧牲進行試驗。結果顯示,與對照組及D-gal誘導老化組相比較,D-gal誘導老化並餵食4-MEI組之皮膚皺紋生成量更多,且真皮層厚度具有下降趨勢,真皮層中膠原纖維排列稀疏且不規則,血清與真皮層Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML)含量上升。綜合上述,本研究發現4-MEI可抑制SIRT6蛋白表現,促進MMPs蛋白表現,進而分解膠原蛋白,影響皮膚細胞外基質結構組成;而於Balb/c無毛鼷鼠模式,4-MEI加速老化的進程,於真皮層變薄,膠原纖維排列稀疏與CML含量增加等現象,另SIRT6於4-MEI致皮膚老化之確切分子機制仍待探討。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Skin aging has been reported to be positively related with various chronic diseases. Aging skin occurs from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Additionally, dietary food or food additives may cause skin aging. Caramel color is one of widely used food additives and its major harmful ingredient 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) produced from caramel processing has been reported to exhibit potential toxic or carcinogenic effects to human. However, the relationship between skin aging and 4-MEI still remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate effects and the potential molecular mechanisms of 4-MEI on skin aging. Hs68 human dermal fibroblasts and D-galactose-induced aging mice model were used to evaluate effects of 4-MEI on skin aging-related protein expressions and skin morphology. As expected, 4-MEI treatment significantly induced the activity of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase at a dose- and time-dependent manner in Hs68 cells. Moreover, 4-MEI also increased protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases -2 and -9 in Hs68 cells while the level of type IV collagen was gradually decreased. Furthermore, protein expressions of sirtuin6 (SIRT6), a senescence-related signal, was significantly suppressed by 4-MEI. Besides, overexpression of SIRT6 attenuated 4-MEI-induced cellular senescence and protein expressions of skin aging-related biomarkers (MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP1). In the D-galactose-induced aging mice model, mice of D-galactose-treated groups were daily received subcutaneous injections of 1000 mg/kg D-galactose for eight weeks. At the fifth week, mice of 4-methylimidazole-treated groups were administrated with or without 80 mg/kg 4-methylimidazole once a day by oral gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. As shown, dermal thickness and dermis collagen integrity were respectively reduced and altered in D-galactose-induced aging mice with 4-MEI administration. Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) levels of serum and skin were both increased in D-galactose+4-MEI group. In summary, 4-MEI accelerates protein expressions of skin aging-related biomarkers and signals in Hs68 cells, and promotes skin aging in D-galactose induced aging mice. However, further experiments are required to investigate the role of SIRT6 in 4-MEI-promoted skin aging. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T08:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R06851014-1.pdf: 4564791 bytes, checksum: 79f88386264bdb67aecdd0cda3ebb093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 I
中文摘要 III Abstract V Abbreviation Summary VII Content IX Part 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Skin aging 1 1.1.1 Aging 1 1.1.2 Skin aging 2 1.1.3 Age-related changes in skin 4 1.2 Caramel color 9 1.2.1 Classification of caramel color 9 1.2.2 Safety of caramel color 11 1.2.3 4-methylimidazole 13 1.3 Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) 15 Part 2: Aim 18 Part 3: Materials and methods 19 3.1 Cell culture 19 3.2 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) treatment 19 3.3 Cell viability assay 20 3.4 Transfection 21 3.5 Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity analysis 21 3.6 Western blot analysis 22 3.7 Immunoprecipitation 23 3.8 Animals 24 3.8.1 D-galactose-induced aging animal model 24 3.8.2 Skin function analysis 25 3.8.3 Measurement of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) levels 25 3.8.4 Histological estimation 26 3.9 Statistics 27 Part 4: Results 28 4.1 Effects of 4-MEI on cellular senescence in Hs68 cells 28 4.2 Effects of 4-MEI on regulatory factors in collagen IV degradation 29 4.3 Time course effects of 4-MEI treatment on regulatory factors in collagen IV degradation 30 4.4 Effects of SIRT6 overexpression on 4-MEI-induced cellular senescence and protein expressions of skin aging-related biomarkers 31 4.5 4-MEI treatment promotes PKM2 acetylation 31 4.6 Effects of 4-MEI on skin morphology and functions in D-galactose-induced aging mice 32 4.7 Effects of 4-MEI on CML levels in D-galactose-induced aging mice 33 Part 5: Discussion 35 Part 6: Conclusion 40 Part 7: References 41 Part 8: Figures and Figure legends 55 Figure 1. Effects of 4-MEI on cell viability in Hs68 dermal fibroblasts. 55 Figure 2. Effects of 4-MEI on cellular senescence in Hs68 dermal fibroblasts. 56 Figure 3. Effects of 4-MEI treatment on sirtuin family 57 Figure 4. Effects of 4-MEI treatment on regulatory factors in collagen I and collagen IV degradation. 58 Figure 5. Time cource effects of 4-MEI on regulatory factors in collagen IV degradation. 59 Figure 6. SIRT6 overexpression attenuated 4-MEI-induced cellular senescence and protein expressions of skin aging-related biomarkers. 60 Figure 7. 4-MEI treatment promotes PKM2 acetylation. 61 Figure 8. Effects of 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) on mice skin and body weigh in D-galactose-induced aging mice. 62 Figure 9. Effects of 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) on skin surface, hydration value, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) value in D-galactose-induced aging model. 63 Figure 10. Effects of 4-MEI on dermal thickness in D-galactose-induced aging mice. 64 Figure 11. Effects of 4-MEI on collagen ratio in D-galactose-induced aging mice. 65 Figure 12. Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) levels in D-galactose-induced aging mice. 66 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 探討4-甲基咪唑對皮膚老化作用及其分子機制 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of 4-methylimidazole on Skin Aging | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 107-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 劉興華,江秀梅,溫國慶 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 皮膚老化,焦糖色素,4-甲基咪唑,衰老,Sirtuin6, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Skin aging,Caramel color,4-methylimidazole,Senescence,Sirtuin6, | en |
dc.relation.page | 66 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201903455 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2019-08-13 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 食品安全與健康研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 食品安全與健康研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-108-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 4.46 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。