論臺灣酒駕修法之有效性

Abstract

由於近年來酒駕肇事件數逐年上升，許多無辜民眾因此受傷或是喪命。政府為了遏止酒駕發生，在民國102年6月修改交通安全規則第一百一十四條規定降低酒駕的血液酒精濃度標準（簡稱BAC標準），同時於刑法第一百八十五條之三明定酒駕標準，並加重酒駕肇事之刑責。此次的修法重新定義了酒駕的標準與罪責，本文欲檢驗該修法是否降低酒駕肇事的發生，且減少酒駕肇事的傷亡。本文利用內政部警政署於民國92年1月至民國106年12月的交通事故統計資料進行實證模型分析，估計結果顯示修法後酒駕車禍率及嚴重酒駕車禍率皆顯著下降，代表此次修法有效。為了進一步了解修法在各地區的效果，本文將資料劃分成北部、中部、南部及東部地區分別進行迴歸分析。其結果顯示在各個地區修法後酒駕車禍率皆顯著下降，但北部地區及中部地區的估計結果較其他地區不同，其嚴重酒駕車禍率亦顯著下降，由此可知，修法效果可能依地區特性差異有所不同。

Many innocent people got hurt or died in alcohol-impaired traffic crashes because of increasing alcohol-impaired traffic crashes in recent year. To reduce drunk driving, the government revised the permitted blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level prescribed in Article 114 of Traffic Regulation in June 2013. At the same time, the government clarified the standards of drunk driving and enforced more criminal responsibility on drivers who caused alcohol-impaired traffic crashes in Article 185-3 of the Criminal Code. This amendment redefined the standards and criminal responsibility of drunk driving. Hence, this study intends to examine whether the number and casualties of alcohol-impaired traffic crashes have decreased after the amendment. This study uses traffic accident statistical data from January 2003 to December 2016 from National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior to do empirical model analysis. The results indicate that the rate of alcohol-impaired traffic crashes and the rate of fatal alcohol-impaired traffic crashes significantly decreased after the amendment. It shows that the amendment is effective. To gain a more detailed understanding of effect of the amendment, this study divides the data into four regions, namely Northern region, Central region, Southern region and Eastern region, and employs separate regressions for each region. The results demonstrate that the rate of alcohol-impaired traffic crashes significantly decreased in all regions. However, the rate of fatal alcohol-impaired traffic crashes significantly decreased only in Northern region and Central region. Then we can know that the effect of the amendment can be different based on region.