世界資本主義批判下的中國改革：德里克的後革命視野

Abstract

中國在改革開放以來，引入資本主義市場機制，並宣稱市場機制與社會主義融合後，已成為一個符合國情並有利於中國發展的「社會主義市場經濟」體制。本研究以土裔美籍中國學者－Arif Dirlik為研究對象，目的在發掘西方中國學者的獨特學術經歷、文化背景與個人生涯歷程，如何影響其本身的中國學知識建構與轉變過程，同時自身的中國經驗是否反過來影響其學術立場與研究旨趣。本研究採用文本分析法、深入訪談法，將Dirlik的學術生涯以西元1990年為界，分為前、後期追溯其學術經歷、文化背景、所處時代國際情勢的推移轉變如何形塑出他的中國觀點，並專立一章探討他對中國式社會主義的觀察。 Dirlik從早期對於中國革命史學與社會革命思想的深入研究，養成了他對中國式社會主義獨特的「後社會主義」解讀，到後期經歷了六四事件以後，以更宏觀的後殖民視角、全球現代性觀點，反思中國的後社會主義實踐與改革。本研究發現，Dirlik的中國關懷緊跟著中國改革與革命的變遷，他從期待到失望、責難的過程，在這些經驗中以更加批判的立場看待中國；另外在介入文化研究後，使Dirlik採用更激進的左派角度，看待並批判拋棄社會主義與拒斥革命的「後革命時代中國」。

The market mechanism of capitalism was introduced into the Chinese economy post the reform and opening of mainland China. It was claimed that, after the combination of the capitalistic market mechanism and socialism, to become such a mechanism of “socialist market economy”, which was in line with China’s national aspirations and would be beneficial for the development of its economy. This thesis mainly focused on Arif Dirlik, as a research subject and a Turkish-American Chinese scholar, and was aimed to investigate how his unique experiences in academia, cultural background and personal life experiences as a western sinologist, has influenced the way he constructed and transformed his interest in the study of Chinese. This study also explored whether his personal experiences related to China had an impact on his academic stance and research interests in anyway. Using textual analysis and in-depth interview, this thesis set AD 1990 as a turning point to divide Dirlik’s academic career into early and later stages to trace how his academic experiences, cultural background and changes in the international situation of his time helped to shape his own perspective on Chinese. In addition, one chapter of this thesis would exclusively discuss his observations of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Dirlik had long devoted himself to do intensive research on Chinese revolution history and the idea of social revolution throughout his early career, and it helped him to develop the unique interpretation of the “post-socialism” phase of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Furthermore, after experiencing the incident of Tiananmen square protests, he reconsidered the concept of practicing and reforming post-socialism with Chinese characteristics from a more macroscopic view of post-colonial criticism and global modernity. It was uncovered in this thesis that Dirlik’s solicitude for China closely correlated with the changes in Chinese economic reforms and revolution. As he witnessed these changes in reforms, his perception changed from that of having great expectations to disappointment and warranting criticism of their reforms. He gradually became a rigorous critique of china. Furthermore, after devoting much time in researching Chinese culture, Dirlik acted in a radical left-wing way to look and criticize such “post-revolutionary China” after abandoning socialism and avoiding further revolution.