郭松棻文学における日本近代作家の受容―芥川龍之介、川端康成を例にして―

Abstract

本論文旨在探討郭松棻作為一位生長於戰前／戰後台灣、流亡美國的作家，其文學創作中日本近代作家之受容痕跡。 郭松棻歷經保釣運動的挫敗後，1983年回歸文學場域。先行研究屢次論及其作品應受到日本近代文學的影響，而郭松棻自身亦曾明確指出芥川龍之介、川端康成乃是他所私淑的作家。然而，具體的比較分析尚付之闕如。緣此，本論文選定郭松棻的《草》、《論寫作》、《月印》，考察這三部作品內容中各別可見的芥川《河童》、《西方的人》、《戲作三昧》及川端《水月》之受容，進而解讀郭松棻如何理解、吸收並援用這兩位日本近代作家的文學創作。 本論文首先考察郭松棻的藏書、訪談、筆記等資料，確認其與日本近代作家受容關係的證據。次者，本論文的第二章聚焦於芥川與郭松棻的受容關係，透過比較兩者類似的生涯經歷及具體的文本分析，掌握兩位作家的共通點。再者，本論文第三章鎖定川端《水月》及郭松棻《月印》之間相似的設定及描寫，解讀兩部作品在「妻子照護者／丈夫被照護者」的人物設定背後，潛藏著「支配的男性／被支配的女性」之性別意識，進而論證兩位作家的連繫。 基於上述考察，我們可以窺見郭松棻藉由引用、摹寫日本近代文學中的元素，描繪戰後台灣人的生存困境及其背負之精神傷痛的受容過程。透過這樣的分析，將更能掌握郭松棻文學的特質。

The purpose of this study is to explore the acceptance of modern Japanese writers’ works in Songfen Guo’s literary creations, as a writer who grew up in the end of the Japanese rule and exiled in the United States. After the failure of the Defend Diaoyutai Movement, Songfen Guo resumed his work as writer in 1983. Past research has repeatedly mentioned that Songfen Guo’s works should be deeply influenced by Japanese modern literature, and Songfen Guo himself has clearly pointed out that writers Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Kawabata Yasunari are his respected writers. However, no specific comparative studies have been implemented yet. Therefore, this study selected Songfen Guo’s “Grass”, “On writing”, “Moon seal”. By examining the contents of these three works and compared with “Kappa”, “The man of west”, “Absorbed in writing popular novels” by Akutagawa and “The moon on the water” by Kawabata, it can be seen to understand how he explained, cited and derived the literary works of these two modern Japanese writers. This study firstly examines Songfen Guo’s collections and interviews to confirm evidence of his relationship with Japanese modern writers. On top of that, the second chapter of this study focuses on the relationship between Akutagawa and Songfen Guo. By comparing the similar experiences and specific text analysis, we can obtain the common points of the two writers. Furthermore, the third chapter of this study is to derive in the similar setting and description between Kawabata’s “The moon on the water” and Songfen Guo’s “Moon seal”. Both works are interpreted in the setting of the characters about “Wife caregiver /Cared Husband” behind, thus there is a gender consciousness of “dominant men/dominated women.” The connection between the creations of the two writers is thereby demonstrated. Based on the results of the above investigations, we can find that Songfen Guo uses the Japanese modern literature to describe the survival dilemma of the post-war Taiwanese people and the mental pain they carry. Through this analysis, we will be better able to grasp the literary qualities of Songfen Guo’s works performance.