基於區塊鏈技術的城市建物資訊模型管理問題的研究

Abstract

隨著城市人口的不斷增長與城市環境承載能力需求的提高，同時為提高城市的運轉效率與滿足人們城市生活智慧化服務的需求，城市中各項感知設備也在不斷的增加，以城市空間結構來看，城市中的人口、設施設備以及資源配置在空間上呈現三維立體分佈（從地上到地下、室外到室內），各項感知設備所產生的數據自然也會具有其空間特性，遍佈於城市中的感知設備的組成了城市的感知神經網路，因而會產生大量的數據需要管理。詳盡的城市空間數據構成了城市空間資訊模型，給予城市各項問題智慧的管理與解決提供了可靠的數據支持。但由於不同設備產生的數據差異性，以及數據的隱私性導致智慧城市中數據資訊孤島的產生，智慧城市中各項設備產生的數據並未產生有效的流通與連結。其中在城市地理空間資訊領域中，城市建築物內部的資料往往比較匱乏，導致城市中人們最主要生產生活的空間資料無法表述與納入智慧城市空間資料的管理範疇。 隨著近年來建築物資訊模型（BIM）技術的發展，眾多建築物已經建置了建築物資訊模型。但由於BIM與GIS屬於不同科學領域的標準不同，以及建築物資訊模型包含業主建築物空間隱私權問題，城市建物內部空間資訊依舊無法取得。由此來看，目前建物所有者管理著大量的地理空間數據。如何促進建物資訊模型數據的開放並保障建築物業主所有權人的空間隱私是一個難題。因此本文利用區塊鏈技術和分散式檔案系統（IPFS）的去中心化特性做了數據管理架構，同時利用區塊鏈去中心化、不可篡改的特性，結合IPFS共同維護建築物資訊模型數據的管理，使得建築物所有權者可以因應不同使用目的而授予建築物資訊模型數據的訪問權限。同時在區塊鏈中智能合約的部署實現了BIM數據在城市中的消防救災以及設備管線維修自動化管理及使用，藉此來彌補城市在消防救災時建物內部空間資訊不足的問題。

As the urban population growth and the demand for urban environmental carrying capacity increase, the city needs more information to manage, so the urban space development in the upper and lower directions is accelerating, and this increasingly complex population, facilities and resources are presented in three dimensions. Stereoscopic distribution (from above ground to underground, outdoor to indoor), therefore, more and more complex urban population, resources and facilities in the three-dimensional space optimization configuration and urban security and other increasingly serious problems urgently need more detailed three-dimensional geospatial space The support of the data is resolved. At this stage, with the continuous development of surveying and mapping technology, more detailed urban geospatial data can be obtained more conveniently and quickly. Open geospatial data is often more accessible and would otherwise be inaccessible to most people. With the development of Building Information Model (BIM) technology in recent years, building information models have been built in many buildings. However, due to building ownership and privacy issues, information on the internal space of urban buildings is still not available. From this point of view, the current construction owner manages a large amount of geospatial data. How to promote the opening of the building information model and protect the interests of the owners is a difficult problem. Therefore, this paper attempts to use the blockchain technology to manage and store the building data model, so that people can control their own data, and the building owner can restrict or grant access to it. At the same time, to compensate for the lack of internal information on urban construction space information.