臺北市雨水流出抑制設施設計審查規定及意見樣態彙整

Abstract

臺北市是全臺最早落實雨水流出抑制設施設計審查之地方政府，相關排水計畫及排水審查的規定及參考資料，為能符合需求均屢有更新；而整合臺北市的規定及經驗，對未來各地主管機關建立制度及審查辦法、承辦技師提送計畫、基地使用人維護管理等均有所俾益。因此本研究以臺北市雨水流出抑制設施設計審查相關的法規、規定、文獻，以及由臺北市水利技師公會提供近年來 15個案子的委員審查意見進行彙整，並建議增加安全設計與維護管理相關規定，其它縣市若要參考臺北市資料格式，可再依據其地文、水文資料、雨水下水道排放標準及保護標準，另自行擬定最小保水量及最大排放量。 雨水流出抑制設施相關法令及規定涉及下水道、雨水下水道、現地測量、水理分析、水理計算及檢核、抽水系統設備、基地開發、建築設計、地籍資料、保水透水設施等數個領域，內容及相關介面眾多。本研究依「臺北市排水計畫格式」所規定之章節與附圖為順序，分別彙整需遵循的審查規定、審查意見、需考量事項及後續運作與維護管理可能發生的問題。 彙整過程中可發現部分規定的內容重複僅略有不同，因為已由政府機關公佈，為維持引用內容來源完整性，故不另作刪減合併。建議日後主管機關可於參考手冊中整併，並明確告知各章節需填寫之內容及注意事項；不同的雨水流出抑制類型，也可增加實際案例說明，以利承辦技師遵循並減少審查時的缺失修正，進而加速送審時程。 雨水流出抑制設施之設計與配置，其雨水貯留設施主要分為重力式排放、機械抽排或兩者併存；臺北市目前送審案件因使用空間有限及市區多地勢低平的環境限制，仍以較耗能的機械抽排為主。另，針對使用人的特性，評估後續維謢管理機制以選擇適合的排放方式建議於設計階段亦納入考量，也才能確保後續設施發揮功效。 後續研究建議可擬定未來主管機關相關制度法規修訂及參考手冊編修之內容，本研究之專家訪談建議制度法規可增加：維護管理制度、由市府委託專業技術團體定期進行維護管理相關檢查及輔導、市局得派員攜帶證明文件進入各基地、建築物或設施實施檢查、落實重點監造並規定需由技師進行監造、規避妨礙或拒絕檢查之行為者的罰鍰、使用人未確實操作及維護的罰則等規定；未來參考手冊編修建議可增加：常見的審查意見彙整及實際案例說明、設計基準說明、彙整相關法令內容、範例圖說、增加不同建築用途或不同面積大小的設計注意事項、增加重點監造的注意事項。未來亦可定期訪談及彙整主管機關、承辦技師及基地使用人的意見，進一步了解雨水流出抑制設施審查、設計、運作維護等各環節需注意的情況，進行滾動式檢討，以完善機制與促進功用；特別是針對使用人特性選用適合的排水方式及確實執行維護管理檢查機制，以確保流出抑制設施能發揮效用。

Taipei City government is the first government to implement the design review of rainwater outflow suppression facilities, the relevant specification and reference data of drainage planning review, are constantly updated in order to meet the needs. The integration of Taipei City regulations and experience, helps the local authorities to establish the system and review measures, it is also helpful for professional engineers’ planning work, and base users’ maintenance and management. Therefore, this study is based on the regulations, specifications and literature of the design review of rainwater outflow suppression facilities in Taipei City, as well as the review opinions in 15 cases in recent years provided by the Taipei Professional Hydraulic Engineer Association. It is also recommended to add safety design and maintenance management regulations, as well as other counties and cities can develop adjustment factors, which are based on the meteorological data of climate zonation and rainwater sewer drainage standards, to apply the design regulations of Taipei City rainwater outflow suppression facility. Laws and regulations relating to rainwater outflow suppression facilities cover a number of areas such as sewers, rainwater channel, measurements, hydrographic analysis, hydrographic calculation and inspection, pumping system equipment, base development, architectural design, cadastral map data, Water Retention and permeable facilities, etc., and many related interfaces. This study will follow the order of the chapters and drawings stipulated in the 'Taipei Drainage Plan Format' in collecting and organizing the data of review regulation, review opinions, matters to be considered, and the problems that may occur in the subsequent operation and maintenance management. In the process of study and consolidation, it can be found that some of the provisions and contents are slightly different or even repeated, because it has been published by official agencies, in order to maintain the integrity of the source, no additional deletion or combine is made. It is suggested that in the future the administration authorities may complete the reference manual and clearly inform the contents and precautions of each chapter, and may also provide more relevant examples about different types of rainwater outflow suppression, for the engineers to follow and reduce the error and revision during the review, thus speeding up the review schedule. About the design and configuration of rainwater outflow suppression facilities, the rainwater storage facilities are mainly divided into gravity drainage, mechanical pumping or both; the current case of the Taipei city, due to the constraints of space and low terrain, mechanical pumping is usually been chosen. In the other, in view of the characteristics of users, it is also necessary to evaluate the subsequent maintenance and management during the design process, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the facilities. The follow-up research can be revising the relevant regulations and manual. Interviews with the administration authorities, professional engineers and users, to further understand the relevant data, review, design, operation and maintenance of the rainwater outflow suppression facilities which are needed to be noticed in every phase, and the rolling review is needed to improve the mechanism and promote the facilities function.