從比較法觀察董事之資訊查閱權

Abstract

依據金管會於2018年3月底公布之新版公司治理藍圖（2018~2020），其中一計畫項目為「有效發揮董事職能」，其策略目標包含「強化董事會之監督功能」及「增加對董事之支援，以提升董事會效能」，而2018年7月6日立法院三讀通過公司法修正案，行政院版草案第193條之1新增關於董事查閱權之規定，此與董事職權行使密切相關。關於董事之查閱權，我國欠缺法律明文規定，向來係由經濟部以函釋所建構，隨著草案第193條之1不予增訂，現行法是否承認董事之查閱權仍有待釐清。 因此，本論文即以董事查閱權為核心，首先以我國董事查閱權之理論基礎與現行實務為開端，分析我國現況、實務見解與學說見解；其次，以美國、英國、日本之立法例作為比較研究對象，分析外國法對董事行使其查閱權之要件、範圍與限制等，以期對我國相關法制體系進行檢討及建議；再者，分析董事會結構對董事查閱權之影響，從單軌制及雙軌制下之董事會出發，分析各型態董事會中，董事查閱資訊之範圍及立論基礎，就我國法制部分，區分非公開發行公司與公開發行公司分別觀察，分析兩種公司董事會所具之職能及該職能與查閱權之關係；最後就董事查閱權，提出修正條文具體建議及配套措施，以期有效發揮董事職能，強化公司治理。

According to the new Corporate Governance Roadmap (2018–2020) released by the Financial Supervisory Commission, R.O.C. (Taiwan) at the end of March 2018, one of the action plans is Enhancing Board Functions, whose strategic objectives involve “strengthening the supervisory function of the board of directors” and “increasing support for directors and enhancing the board functions.” On July 6, 2018, the Legislative Yuan passed the third reading of amendments to Company Act. Executive Yuan’s draft of an amendment to Article 193-1 that specifies directors’ right of inspection and concerns directors’ exercise of their duties was declined. Taiwan does not have a specific law regulating directors’ right of inspection, which has been interpreted mostly through official documents issued by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Accordingly, the current legal system’s acknowledgement of directors’ right of inspection is yet to be clarified. Focusing on directors’ right of inspection, this study will start from exploring the theoretical basis and current exercise of directors’ right of inspection in Taiwan to analyze the status quo of the right and to propose views from the practical and theoretical perspectives. Next, this study will review and provide recommendations on Taiwan’s legal system by comparing it with legislative examples, namely the legal elements, scope, and restrictions related to directors’ right of inspection, in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan. Subsequently, how the structure of the board of directors affects directors’ right of inspection will be analyzed. This study will investigate one-tier and two-tier board systems to determine the scope and theoretical basis of directors’ right to inspect corporate documents under each type of board system. Regarding the legal regulations in Taiwan, this study will observe private and public companies separately to reveal the functions of the board of directors and how these functions relate to directors’ right of inspection in the two types of companies. Finally, constructive recommendations and complementary measures aimed at directors’ right of inspection will be proposed, with expectations to enhance board functions and corporate governance.