冷戰結束後美日同盟的轉型（1989-2018）

Abstract

冷戰的結束帶給國際社會巨大的衝擊，兩強對峙的結構改變，應運而生的是瞬息萬變的國際結構。面對國際關係快速的變動，東亞地區因其驚異的經濟成長而獲得國際注目，美國於日本部署東亞最大的空軍與陸海戰隊基地，使美日同盟在政策與結構上的轉型，分外受到東亞區域，甚至是國際社會關注。隨著中國於改革開放後經濟快速成長，對國際社會的影響也日益加深，中國崛起的因素已是當今思考東亞區域安全的重要課題，其經濟成長帶動的軍事力量也不容忽視，東亞地區因冷戰結構改變，被認為進入安全困境的國際局勢更是美日同盟政策考量的核心之一。故此，美日同盟與東亞局勢間的互動關係更成為東亞安全的主軸。 在本次研究中，利用歷史研究途徑選擇現實主義中「權力平衡理論」，分析美日同盟間在冷戰結束後的轉變，試圖說明美日同盟與東亞區域間大小事件間的權力關係，以及在同盟內部兩行為者相互摩擦而得出的同盟決策，藉以分析美日同盟在東亞國際情勢中所發揮的能力與地位。 並透過此次研究中再次確認，美日同盟的轉型能更有效的處理當今的東亞區域關係中的衝突。一方面，美日同盟在東亞區域關係的地位獲得提升，駐日美軍與日本自衛隊在新條約與法規上，得以處理「重要事態」的衝突；另一方面，保證美日同盟在東亞關係上的權力平衡，雖然美國始終保持超級強權的角色，但維持美日同盟的優勢地位是東亞權力平衡的核心目標，若失去處理東亞議題的能力，美日同盟這樣的優勢地位可能下降。因此美日同盟的轉型，將有助於處理東亞衝突並維持美日同盟優勢。

The end of the cold war brought a big shock to the international society. Because of the rapid economic development, U.S.A and Japan focus on the change around Asian area. Keeping the United States military deployments in Japan and strengthening the relationship of The U.S.-Japan Alliance are the important points. Besides, the rise of China becomes a great issue around the world. The transformation of U.S.-Japan Alliance can be a solution to problem happening on the East Aisa.

In this context, analysising the situation of the transformation of U.S.-Japan Alliance can answer the relationship between the power, state and politics in the East Asia. By using Balance of Power Theory, there is important to observe the condition between U.S.-Japan Alliance and the East Asia States. From this research, we can recognize that The U.S.-Japan Alliance can take effect on conflict resolution. On one side, because of the rise of The U.S.-Japan Alliance, The U.S.-Japan Alliance is more effective by the law and treaty. On another side, The U.S.-Japan Alliance still keeps an essential state on the security policy in East Asia. U.S.A is the super power of the world, but Japan has played a crucial role in The U.S.-Japan Alliance.

The research of the transformation of the U.S.-Japan Alliance after the Cold War is helpful for the solution of conflict in East Asia and keeping the advantage of the U.S.-Japan Alliance.