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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 吳嘉文 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kevin C.-W. Wu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 巫婧柔 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Jing Rou Boo | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-19T17:41:35Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2024-06-01 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2019-07-10 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2002-01-01 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 1 Kurt Lohbeck, H. H., Werner Fuhrmann, Norbert Fedtke, Maleic and Fumaric Acids, 2000, 22
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/7327 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 馬來酸 (maleic acid; MA) 和馬來酸酐 (maleic anhydride) 為重要的四碳化合物，常被用於生產高附加值的化學品。然而在傳統工業中，馬來酸酐的生產是透過石油化學途徑，藉由氧化正丁烷和苯等可耗盡且不可再生的原料製備而成。反之，自生物質轉換所得之可再生資源，糠醛，也可經由氧化催化反應製備馬來酸。過去有關於糠醛製備馬來酸的轉化，大多以酸性催化爲主並存在許多的缺點。因此，本研究使用衍生自ZIF-8 的摻氮多孔碳材 (NC)，首次在非酸性的環境中，將糠醛氧化轉化成馬來酸。ZIF-8 是一種典型的類沸石咪唑骨架材料 (ZIF)，可作爲自體模板，進一步鍛燒加以碳化得到摻氮之多孔碳材。本研究將ZIF-8 於不同溫度下進行碳化， 以探討碳化溫度對碳材之氮原子組態的影響。我們也研究了各種反應參數，包含溶劑，雙氧水濃度，反應溫度和時間對MA產率的影響。透過NC-900催化劑，雙氧水 (35 wt%)作為氧化劑，在80 °C 下，我們可在5 小時內達成最高61% 之馬來酸產率。我們推測此反應之路徑是透過氧化開環，形成5-羥基-2(5H)-呋喃酮 (5-hydroxy-furan-2(5H)-one)作為主要中間產物，隨後進行Baeyer-Villiger 氧化，重排步驟和水解，進而得到馬來酸 。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Maleic acid (MA) and maleic anhydride are important C4 chemical intermediates to produce high value-added chemicals. In industry, maleic anhydride is commercially
produced through petrochemical route by the oxidation of the exhaustible and non-renewable feedstocks, n-butane and benzene. On the other hand, the renewable resource, furfural derived from lignocellulosic biomass, has been recognized as a potential bio-based platform chemical to produce MA through catalytic oxidation. Until now, the conversion of furfural to MA has been mainly catalyzed by an acidic catalyst, which exhibited several drawbacks. Here, we report the first acid-free system for furfural to MA conversion, by using the nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon material (NC) derived from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8). The synthesized ZIF-8 was undergoing direct carbonization at different temperatures in order to investigate the effect of carbonization temperature on nitrogen configuration in the resulted carbon materials. The effect of reaction parameters, including H2O2 concentration, solvent, reaction temperature and time were systematically studied. A MA yield as high as 61 % was achieved over NC-900 catalyst at 80 °C in 5 hours, assisted by 35 wt% H2O2. The kinetics study indicates that the mechanism was via the oxidative ringopening reaction and formation 5-hydroxy-furan-2(5H)-one as the main intermediate, following by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, rearrangement steps, and hydrolysis to form MA. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-19T17:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R06524098-1.pdf: 5364658 bytes, checksum: b1d5e54dc0d8436a7af7a9f76f4a6b6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 ......................................................................................................................................... i
Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ii 摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Content .................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... viii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Maleic anhydride and maleic acid ........................................................................ 1 1.2. Furfural ................................................................................................................... 1 1.3. The metal-free catalyst .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.1. Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon ............................................................... 6 1.3.2. Metal-organic framework (MOFs) ................................................................. 7 1.3.3. MOFs-derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon .................................... 10 1.3.4. ZIFs-derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon ...................................... 11 2. Literature review ......................................................................................................... 16 3. Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 20 4. Experimental................................................................................................................ 21 4.1. Chemicals and materials ..................................................................................... 21 4.2. Equipment ............................................................................................................ 22 4.3. Preparation of catalyst ........................................................................................ 23 4.3.1. Synthesis of ZIF-8-derived N-doped carbon material ................................ 23 4.3.2. Synthesis of melamine-derived N-doped carbon ......................................... 25 4.3.3. Synthesis of biomass-derived N-doped carbon ............................................ 25 4.4. Furfural to maleic acid reaction ......................................................................... 26 4.5. Characterization of products .............................................................................. 28 4.6. Characterization of catalyst ................................................................................ 29 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) .............................................................. 29 X-ray diffractometer (XRD) ............................................................................. 29 Specific Surface Area & Pore Size Distribution Analyzer ............................ 29 Elemental analyzer (EA) ................................................................................... 29 X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) ....................................................... 29 4.7. Product purification ............................................................................................ 30 5. Results and Discussion ................................................................................................ 31 5.1. Materials Characterization ................................................................................. 31 5.1.1 SEM analysis ................................................................................................... 31 5.1.2 XRD analysis ................................................................................................... 33 5.1.3 Specific surface area analysis ........................................................................ 35 5.1.4 Elemental analysis (EA) ................................................................................. 37 5.1.5 X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ..................................................... 38 5.2. Reaction optimization .......................................................................................... 40 5.2.1. The effect of catalyst ....................................................................................... 40 5.2.2. The effect of solvent ........................................................................................ 46 5.2.3. The effect of H2O2 concentration ................................................................... 47 5.2.4. The effect of temperature............................................................................... 49 5.2.5. The effect of reaction time ............................................................................. 50 5.3. Recycle test ........................................................................................................... 52 5.4. Product purification ............................................................................................ 55 5.5. Reaction mechanism studies ............................................................................... 56 5.6. The effect of different furan substrate ............................................................... 61 5.7. The effect of different sources-derived NC ........................................................ 63 6. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 66 7. Future Prospect ........................................................................................................... 67 8. References .................................................................................................................... 68 Appendix ............................................................................................................................. 73 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 氧化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 糠醛 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 馬來酸 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 摻氮碳材 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 類沸石咪唑骨架 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | furfural | en |
| dc.subject | maleic acid | en |
| dc.subject | oxidation | en |
| dc.subject | nitrogen-doped carbon | en |
| dc.subject | zeolitic imidazolate frameworks | en |
| dc.title | 合成類沸石咪唑骨架材料(ZIF-8)衍生之摻氮多孔碳材並應用於糠醛至馬來酸之轉化 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Synthesis of ZIF-8-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon for Furfural-to-Maleic Acid Conversion | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 107-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 葉賜健;鍾博文;?超華;黃振煌 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Alex Yip;Cedric Po-Wen Chung;Daniel Chiu-Wa Tsang;Tony Jen-Huang Huang | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 馬來酸,糠醛,氧化,摻氮碳材,類沸石咪唑骨架, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | maleic acid,furfural,oxidation,nitrogen-doped carbon,zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 78 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201901225 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2019-07-05 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2024-07-10 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 化學工程學系 | |
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