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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 黃耀輝(Yaw-Huei Hwang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Jui-Yung Lin | en |
dc.contributor.author | 林睿墉 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T07:19:02Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-26 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2019-08-26 | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2019-07-10 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73134 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 孩童及青少年是環境中金屬汙染物暴露的易感受族群,金屬暴露會對孩童及青少年產生負面健康效應。飲食為一般民眾暴露金屬的主要途徑之一,因食物可能被環境中金屬所污染,如海鮮體內可能含有高濃度的砷及汞,米飯中則含有無機砷。臺灣目前雖有國民營養健康狀況變遷調查,但尚無本土化研究討論飲食習慣與人體內金屬濃度的相關性。因此,本研究的目的為調查孩童及青少年之飲食習慣,並分析其血液中十種金屬元素及尿液中四種金屬元素,以探討飲食習慣與血液及尿中金屬元素濃度分布之關係。
本研究收樣期間自2018年1月至2018年5月,邀請來自於2009年至2012年間在台大醫院兒童醫院建立的Taiwan Birth Panel Study II (TBPS II)中324位年齡為4 – 14歲之孩童及青少年作為本次研究的受試者,並收集其尿液及血液樣本,使用感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)分析尿液中之砷、鎘、鉛、汞及血液中砷、鎘、鉛、汞、錳、鋅、鉬、銻、銫、鎢等金屬元素濃度。同時利用問卷收集人口學資料及居住環境暴露資料,而孩童及青少年的飲食習慣則使用飲食頻率問卷(FFQ)進行調查。 尿液中金屬元素濃度分析結果顯示,尿中濃度最高的金屬元素為砷,平均濃度值為109.5 mug/g creatinine。其次為汞、鉛,其平均濃度值分別為1.84、1.03 mug/g creatinine。尿中鎘平均濃度值則最低,為0.37 mug/g creatinine。至於血液中金屬元素濃度方面,以血中鋅平均濃度值最高,為4,278 mug/L。其次為錳、鉛、汞,平均濃度值分別為19.8、7.78、6.36 mug/L。再其次為砷、銫,其平均濃度值分別為3.37、2.61 mug/L。而血中鉬、銻、鎘、鎢之平均濃度值則較低,為0.72、0.32、0.15、0.05 mug/L。 多變項線性迴歸模型分析結果顯示,孩童及青少年尿中及血液中多種金屬元素濃度與飲食習慣具有相關性。米飯攝食份量與血中砷濃度呈現正相關p=0.002)。海鮮類攝食份量和尿中砷濃度(p=0.001)、血中砷濃度(p<0.001)、血中汞濃度(p<0.001)均為強烈正相關。此外,食用營養補充劑也可能影響孩童及青少年的尿中及血中金屬濃度分布情形。本研究發現,有無食用鈣補充劑與尿中鎘濃度呈強烈負相關(p=0.001)。有無服用中、草藥湯劑補品則和血中鎘(p=0.002)、鉛(p=0.016)、汞濃度(p=0.028)均有顯著負相關關係。 目前環境金屬危害暴露型態已逐漸轉變成長期、低劑量之暴露,而本研究發現了飲食習慣、食用營養補充劑等因素對人體內微量金屬暴露的影響。這些金屬暴露程度雖是低濃度範疇,但長期經飲食食入金屬可能造成的健康效應仍值得後續研究持續關注。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Children and adolescents are vulnerable to heavy metal exposure, with a number of adverse health effects. For the general population, food consumption is considered one of the predominant exposure pathways for toxic heavy metals, like mercury and arsenic in seafood and inorganic arsenic in rice. Although the Health Promotion Administration (HPA) has conducted several times the Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSIT) in the past years, there has been a growing concern on the relationship between dietary intake and human biomarker metal levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was set to discern the associations of dietary intake and blood and urinary metal levels of children and adolescents.
From January 2018 to May 2018, in total, 324 participants, aged 4 – 14 years old, were recruited from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study II, which was conducted during 2009 – 2012. All participants completed questionnaires for the collection of information on demographic characteristics, living environment etc. Dietary intake by food category was assessed through Food Frequency Questionnaire administration. Urine and whole blood samples were collected from all participants for metal analysis using ICP-MS. Urine samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Pb and Hg, and whole blood samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Zn, Mo, Sb, Cs and W. The highest concentration of metal in urine was found for arsenic with a mean of 109.5 mug/g creatinine, followed by mercury and lead with means of 1.84 and 1.03 mug/g creatinine, respectively, and by cadmium with a mean of 0.37 mug/g creatinine. On the other hand, the highest concentration of metal in blood was found for zinc with a mean of 4,278 mug/L, followed by manganese, lead, mercury with means of 19.8、7.78、6.36 mug/L, respectively, and by arsenic and cesium, with means of 3.37、2.61 mug/L, respectively. The means of molybdenum, antimony, cadmium and tungsten levels in blood were 0.72、0.32、0.15、0.05 mug/L, respectively. Results of multivariate linear regression suggested that there were significantly associations of dietary intake with blood and urinary metal levels of children and adolescents. Positive correlation was found between rice consumption and blood arsenic level (p=0.002). Seafood consumption has strongly positive correlations with urinary arsenic level (p=0.001), blood arsenic level (p<0.001) and blood mercury level (p<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, taking nutritional supplements may also affect the distributions of metal levels in urine and blood. We found an inverse correlation between taking calcium supplements and urinary cadmium level (p=0.001). Meanwhile, negative correlations were also present between taking Chinese herbal medicine and blood cadmium, lead and mercury levels with p=0.002, p=0.016 and p=0.028, respectively. Nowadays, with relatively low background levels of metal exposure, dietary intake and taking nutritional supplements have been emerging as one of the prominent pathways for human metal exposure. Future studies are warranted to illustrate potential adverse health impacts, if any, through dietary metal intake. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T07:19:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R06841003-1.pdf: 2662399 bytes, checksum: 9b902dc3de8d362b29add9804c927fca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 I
Abstract III 第一章、研究背景與目的 1 第二章、文獻回顧 2 2.1 金屬暴露與健康危害 2 2.1.1 砷 (Arsenic, As) 2 2.1.2 鎘 (Cadmium, Cd) 2 2.1.3 鉛 (Lead, Pb) 3 2.1.4 汞 (Mercury, Hg) 3 2.1.5 錳 (Manganese, Mn) 4 2.1.6 鋅 (Zinc, Zn) 5 2.1.7 鉬 (Molybdenum, Mo) 5 2.1.8 銻 (Antimony, Sb) 6 2.1.9 銫 (Cesium, Cs) 6 2.1.10 鎢 (Tungsten, W) 7 2.2 孩童金屬暴露與健康影響 7 2.2.1 砷 7 2.2.2 鎘 8 2.2.3 鉛 9 2.2.4 汞 10 2.2.5 錳 10 2.2.6 鋅 11 2.2.7 鉬 12 2.2.8 銻 12 2.3 經飲食攝取金屬與人體內金屬濃度之關聯性 13 2.3.1 歐洲 13 2.3.2 美洲 14 2.3.3 亞洲、澳洲 15 第三章、研究材料及方法 17 3.1 研究族群 17 3.2 問卷資料收集及生物樣本採集 17 3.2.1 問卷資料收集 17 3.2.2 尿液及血液樣本採集 18 3.3 尿液及血液樣本處理與分析 18 3.3.1 1% HNO3配製 18 3.3.2 基質修飾劑配製 18 3.3.3 尿液樣本前處理 18 3.3.4 血液樣本前處理 19 3.3.5 檢量線製備 19 3.4 尿液及血液樣本分析 19 3.5 尿液肌酸酐濃度測定與校正 20 3.6 試藥與試劑 20 3.7 分析品質保證與品質管制 21 3.8 統計分析 22 3.8.1 極端值判斷與排除 22 3.8.2 描述性統計分析 23 3.8.3 各食物大類每月攝食份量估計 23 3.8.4 米飯類每週攝食份量估計 24 3.8.5 皮爾森相關分析(Pearson correlation) 24 3.8.6 多變項線性迴歸模型(multivariate linear regression model) 25 3.8.7 資料統計分析軟體 25 第四章、研究結果 26 4.1 基本人口學資料 26 4.2 居住環境暴露資料 26 4.3 孩童及青少年各食物大類每月平均攝食份量及其分布情形 30 4.4 孩童及青少年近一個月內各種營養補充劑之食用情形 31 4.5 孩童及青少年尿液與血液中金屬濃度之分布 34 4.5.1 孩童及青少年尿液中金屬濃度分布 34 4.5.2 孩童及青少年血液中金屬濃度分布 34 4.6 孩童及青少年尿液及血液中砷、鎘、鉛、汞濃度之相關性 38 4.7 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與尿中/血中金屬濃度之迴歸分析結果 39 4.7.1 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與尿中金屬濃度之迴歸分析結果 39 4.7.2 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與血中金屬濃度之迴歸分析結果 40 第五章、討論 45 5.1 國內外孩童或青少年尿中與血中金屬元素濃度分布結果探討 45 5.1.1 尿中總砷濃度值比較 45 5.1.2 尿中鎘濃度值比較 45 5.1.3 尿中鉛、汞濃度值比較 46 5.1.4 血液中砷濃度值比較 46 5.1.5 血液中鎘濃度值比較 46 5.1.6 血液中鉛濃度值比較 47 5.1.7 血液中汞濃度值比較 47 5.1.8 血液中錳、鋅濃度值比較 47 5.1.9 血液中鉬、銻、銫、鎢濃度值比較 48 5.1.10 尿液及血液中金屬元素濃度分布比較總結 48 5.2 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與其血液及尿中金屬元素濃度關係之探討 57 5.2.1 飲食習慣與尿中及血中砷、鎘、鉛、汞濃度分布之關係 57 5.2.2 飲食習慣與血中錳、鉬、銻濃度分布之關係 59 5.2.3 食用營養補充劑與血中及尿中金屬濃度分布之關係 61 5.2.4 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與血液及尿中金屬元素濃度之關係總結 62 第六章、研究限制 63 第七章、結論 64 參考文獻 65 附件一、研究個案各食物類別食用頻率及每次食用份量分布情形 85 附件二、研究個案午餐、晚餐之飲食情形與常吃的五穀根莖類分布 93 附件三、研究個案午餐、晚餐飯或稀飯之食用頻率與每次食用份量 95 附件四、兒童飲食攝取調查 96 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 孩童及青少年飲食習慣與其血液及尿中金屬濃度分布關係之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Study on the Associations of Dietary Intake and Blood and Urinary Metal Levels of Children and Adolescents | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 107-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳保中(Pau-Chung Chen),陳家揚(Chia-Yang Chen),簡伶朱(Ling-Chu Chien) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 孩童,飲食,金屬,血液,尿液, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | children,dietary intake,metal,blood,urine, | en |
dc.relation.page | 126 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201901352 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2019-07-10 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 |
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