採購法對經濟與社會的影響研析

Abstract

政府通常為一國中最大的採購者，因牽涉到龐大經費的運用，故所屬各機關採購會受到採購法及相關法規的規範。我國採購法於民國88年5月施行，立法期間參考東西方多國的法規，而至今也已經歷四種採購模式的轉變，當前所採用的模式為異質採購最有利標。 然而，在未考量他國社會文化背景、風土民情的情況下，貿然參考他國法規模型制定我國法規，在執行上已產生諸多問題。而在多次調整採購模式後，現今雖採用最有利標，但仍常以價格為考量，脫離不了最低標的模式。台灣舊有的採購制度可以視為政府與民間的買賣行為，但近十餘年來世界潮流推動企業的採購必須儘到企業社會責任，而政府更應具更宏觀的推動方案。 另外，政府作為國家最大採購者，也可被視為是一個企業，這樣以價格為導向的法規，不考慮社會價值創造的採購方案，事實上未盡到社會企業責任。這種現象也反映在社會文化及民情中，致使人們對物質價值以低價為考量，而未顧及產品品質，及使用後對環境產生的問題，這情況已影響整體社會、經濟、創新與環保。 本文共分為五個章節，分別說明我國與美日的採購法及其精神，從營建及社會價值角度審視採購法，並以作者的工程經驗為例，依據現行法規及切身經驗歸納出我國採購法對社會、經濟可能產生的影響，希望從實務角度出發作為未來政府調整採購法之參考。

The government is usually the largest purchaser in a country. Because of the huge funds involved, government procurement and related agencies are regulated by the procurement laws and related regulations. Taiwan’s procurement law was implemented in May 1998. During the legislative period, it referred to the regulations of many advanced countries both in the East and West. And so far, it has experienced four changes in procurement models. The current model uses the most advantageous tender for heterogeneous procurement. However, in the absence of consideration of the society, culture and customs of other countries, referring regulations of other countries then formulating ours without adjustments, we have faced many problems while implementing those regulations. Price-based, lowest-standard mode can still be seen in the most advantageous tender for heterogeneous procurement. Although our procurement system can be viewed as the trading behavior between the government and society, it should be adjusted further to follow global trend to meet the corporate social responsibility. Government, as the largest purchaser, can be seen as a corporation. Once it takes these price-oriented regulations without the consideration of social values, it actually isn’t responsible for social welfare. This condition reflects in the social and culture aspects. When the government and its people emphasize the lowest prices, they do not fully consider the concerns of qualities and the problems caused to the environment, such situations will further affect the overall society, economy, innovation and environmental protection. This thesis is divided into five chapters. First of all, explaining the procurement laws of Taiwan, the United States and Japan. Secondly, examining the implementation of procurement law from the perspective of construction industry and the society. Then, taking the author's personal engineering experience as an example, and based on the current regulations, the thesis summarizes the issues, which may possibly impact society and the economy, in Taiwan’s procurement law. It is expected this thesis could be the reference for government’s future adjustment of procurement law from a practical perspective.