台灣海峽離岸風場風機安裝工期排程受天候影響之研究

Abstract

全球暖化問題日漸嚴重的21世紀，如何生產低碳能源以供給使用，是各個用電國家共同面臨的問題。對於台灣更是如此，台灣的發電量結構，有超過四分之三都是火力發電。且台灣地區天然資源蘊藏不豐，自產能源匱乏，百分之九十八以上之能源供給來源仰賴進口，化石能源進口依存度高，因此如何降低依賴進口能源，積極開發本土自產能源，為攸關國家發展、能源安全之重要課題。 台灣地區年平均風速超過每秒4公尺以上，風能蘊藏豐富，且風力發電具有低汙染、穩定及發電成本較低且可永續發展的特性。為配合2025非核家園的遠景，我國將風力發電列為大力推動的政策，並開始大量建造風力發電機組。惟陸域風電發展因用地關係目前已遭遇到瓶頸且已趨飽和，故目前轉往海上進行離岸風電的發展計畫，以達目標需求。本研究將探討目前台灣離岸風電的政策與推展現況與未來將預期達成的成果。台灣目前仍屬於發展離岸風電的最初期階段，尚無大量安裝的經驗。本研究將透過外國已發展多年的離岸風機安裝經驗，講述離岸風場的建立順序以及離岸風機安裝的方法。 本研究選定風場導入台灣海峽的歷史海象資料，推論出可工作天候窗(Available weather window)。且透過專家訪談以及文獻回顧方式，推論出需求工作窗(Required working window)。並在可工作天候窗(Available weather window)及需求工作窗(Required working window)的相互考量下，合理推論出在天候影響下一年可以可安裝完成風機的數量，並建議最適合進行安裝的時間點供離岸風力發電工程規劃人員作為參考。

In the 21st century, the global warming problem is getting worse, how to produce low-carbon energy for supply is a common problem faced by all power-consuming countries. Especially for Taiwan, there are more than three-quarters of Taiwan’s power producing structure is thermal power. Moreover, Taiwan's natural resources are not abundant, and self-produced energy is scarce. More than 98% of energy supply sources depend on imports, and fossil energy imports are highly dependent. Therefore, how to reduce dependence on imported energy and develop self-produced energy is an important topic for national development and energy security. The annual average wind speed in Taiwan exceeds 4 meters per second, so the wind energy is abundant. Wind power is low pollution, stabile and low cost also sustainable. In line with the prospect of 2025 non-nuclear homes, Taiwan has listed wind power as a highly promoted policy and has begun to build a large number of wind turbines. However, the development of onshore wind power has encountered bottlenecks and has become saturated due to land acquisition. Therefore, it is now moving to offshore to develop offshore wind power projects to meet demand. This study will discuess the current policy and derivation of offshore wind power in Taiwan and the expected outcomes in the future. Taiwan is still in the initial stage of developing offshore wind power, and there is still not much experience in installation. The procedure of building offshore wind farms and the step of offshore wind turbine installation through the experience of offshore wind farms that have been developed in foreign countries for many years will be discussed in this study. In this study, a wind farm will be selected and used as an example to import historical walrus data from the Taiwan Strait.This study will discuss the number of wind turbines can be installed in one year under weather impact, and the time point suitable for installation under reasonable consideration of the available weather window and required working window. Which is recommended for offshore wind power project planners for reference. In addition, this study also provides a follow-up research direction to establish a model of the schedule for the establishment of the entire wind farm in the Taiwan Strait.