面子與國家: 國際間的權力遊戲

Abstract

在這項研究中，我提出了一個國族臉面的心理政治理論。文中介紹、闡述並強調國族臉面是一種影響國際關係中政治態度和觀念的關鍵構念。為了彰顯國族臉面于跨文化架構下在國族層面的展現、成因和影響，我透過三項研究提出了一個動態的國族臉面理論架構。在研究一中，我探索了東西方國族臉面的表現形式。在研究二中，我分析了國族臉面的根源。在研究三中，我檢視了國族臉面對政治態度所可能產生的影響。在跨文化以及多元的研究典範和樣本中，當前研究的結果為國族臉面的獨特心理存在提供了一個強有力的支援，發現其為一種經驗上獨特的構念和重要的心理資源。最重要的是，它為理解東亞(特別是華人)文化對國際事件的反應和態度，提供了一個有用的解釋模型(例:為何對某些國際事件的反應強烈，有時卻保持冷靜)。這項跨領域研究的主要目的是為心理普遍性提供跨文化證據。通過闡明其在不同文化中的作用，目標是加強跨文化理解，以期減少群際衝突發生的可能性。

In this research, I present a psychopolitical theory of national face. I introduce, explicate, and emphasize national face as a crucial construct motivating perceptions and attitudes in international relations. To show the manifestations, roots, and consequences of face at the national level across cultures, I present a multifaceted view of national face through three studies. In Study 1, I explore the manifestations of national face in the East and West. In Study 2, I examine the roots of national face. In Study 3, I investigate the consequences of national face on political attitudes. Across cultures as well as various research paradigms and samples, results from the current research make a strong and unique case for the psychological existence of national face as an empirically distinct construct and an important psychological resource. In particular, it makes a useful explanatory model for understanding East Asian political perception/attitude of international events. The overarching theme of this interdisciplinary research is to provide cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. By illuminating its role in different cultures, the goal is to enhance cross-cultural understanding in the hope of reducing potential intergroup conflict.