應用BIM進行住宅室內空間視覺隱私性評估之研究

Abstract

住，是人的基本需求，住宅滿足了人的生活起居，並保障居住者免於受外在環境或他人侵害。住宅空間的舒適性影響了居住者對住宅的滿意度，好的住宅設計除了具備良好的生活機能，也應照顧居住者的生理及心理健康；而住宅的隱私性是影響心理健康及舒適的要素之一。 隱私和個體之間的資訊流通與傳播有關，並受到外在環境影響；而視覺是人類感知外在環境最主要的感官，因此視覺的隱私性通常是最優先考慮的。住宅的視覺隱私考量，對外要防止外人透過門、窗等開口窺視房屋內部；對內則因住宅室內空間為居住者共享，有時也可能會有客人來訪，隱私程度受到室內空間規劃影響。 住宅空間一般為了滿足各種起居需求，會將空間依據不同使用目的做機能區分；而不同的機能空間對隱私有不同的要求，如臥室等私密空間對隱私的要求就比客廳等公共空間高。 本研究針對住宅室內空間的視覺隱私，嘗試以BIM工具進行空間隱私分析，並應用分析結果來評估住宅空間之視覺隱私性。本研究以Autodesk Revit建置建築模型，再利用Revit內建的視覺化程式工具Dynamo分析室內各空間中不同區域之視域範圍，以得知各空間之視覺暴露程度分布，並根據空間之功能屬性進行權重分配，最後以視覺化方式展示分析結果。 本研究成果可應用於住宅設計階段，預先分析室內的視覺隱私性，以便及早納入設計考量或擬定因應方案；也可做為評估既有住宅室內隱私性的參考。

Living is one of human’s basic needs. Dwelling not only satisfies our daily life, but also protects us from dangers and violations from the outside. The comfort of the residential space influences the resident’s satisfaction of the residence. Therefore, a good dwelling design should provide great amenities, and take care of residents’ physical and mental health. As for mental health, privacy is one of the important factors that affect residents of the dwelling. Privacy is related to the information communication between individuals, and is affected by the surroundings. Since vision is the main way that human senses the environment, this research considers visual privacy as priority. In regards of visual privacy in the dwelling, there are two considerations: for outside, it should prevent people from peeping through doors or windows; then for inside, it has a lot to do with interior space planning because every resident shares the space, and sometimes there will be guests visiting that may cause inconvenience for the residents. To satisfy the needs of our daily life, it is general to divide the residential space into several zones, which called functional spaces, according to different uses. Different functional spaces will require different levels of privacy; for example, private spaces like bedroom demand higher levels of privacy than public spaces such as living room and entrance do. This research focuses on measuring visual privacy in dwelling interior spaces. BIM technology is applied to analyze the level of visual privacy and demonstrate the result of the analysis. The BIM software used in this research includes Autodesk Revit and Dynamo. The result of this research can be implemented on design phase of residential buildings. It can be more suitable for residents to live by measuring the privacy of the interior spaces in advance. Besides, the result can also be applied to measure the privacy of the existing dwellings.